This is page cv_b0300. Please don't edit above this dashed line. Thank you!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
austr (we turn our faces towards the east) þá er vér biðjum fyrir oss, Hom.
156, 158. II. to enclose; h. garði um e-t, to enclose with a fence,
Gþl. 407 (garð-hverfa); himinn þann er hverfðr er útan um lopt öll, Fms.
v. 340; hverfðr við e-t, stirred so as to be blended with, Sdm. 18.
hverfi, n. a cluster of farms, such as almost to form a village, freq. in
Icel. local names, Fiskilækjar-hverfi, Skóga-h., Rangár-h., Ingólfshöfða-h.,
Fljóts-h., Landn.: metaph., vizku-h., the abode of wisdom = the breast,
Fbr. (in a verse); tanna-h., the 'tooth-abode,' i. e. the mouth, Kristni S.
(in a verse): a shelter, verða e-m at hverfi, Sturl. i. (in a verse).
hverfi-legr, adj. ugly, Nj. 147, v. 1.; whence mod. herfilegr (-liga),
q. v., wretched, miserable.
hverfing, f. turning, in sjón-h., eye-deceit, glamour.
hverfingi, a, m. a froward ERROR person, Post. 201.
hverfi-steinn, m. a grindstone, Vm. 177.
hverf-lyndi, n. 'turn-mind,' fickleness, Str. 61, Róm. 305.
hverf-lyndr, adj. shifty, fickle-minded, Rd. 295, Str. 26.
hverfr, adj. shifty; hverf haustgríma, Hm. 73; hverfr hugr, a shifty mind,
Sol. 31: crank, of a ship, freq. in mod. usage: also in the phrase, stýra
hverft, to steer wrong. Fas. ii. 178. 2. metaph., ráða hverft, to give
false counsel, Karl. III; fara hverft, t o s t a rt, stagger, as if . frightened,
Nj. 197, Sd. 154; whence the mod. verða hverft, to be startled, be fright-
ened: of clothes, rétt-hverfr, turning right; út-hverfr, turning outside;
as also út-hverfa, rétt-hverfa, u, f.
hverf-ráðr, adj. fickle, wavering, Fms. viii. 447, v. 1.
hverfull, adj. shifty, changeable, of things, Barl. 32, 97; ú-hverfull,
not shifty, abiding firm, hverfull-leiki, a, m. shiftiness, freq.
hvergi, pron., see hverrgi.
hvergi, adv. [see -gi, p. 199], nowhere; hann undi h., Landn. 174, Vsp.
3; áðr var h., before there was none anywhere, Íb. 16; sá þeir h. konung,
Fms. ii. 332; hvergi á bæjum, Sturl. iii. 55; h. annarsstaðar, nowhere
else, passim: with gen., hvergi lands, Helr. 9; hvergi jarðar né upphimins,
Þkv. 2; moldar h., Fas. i. 521 (in a verse), Merl. 1. 59. II. metaph.
in no manner, by no means, not at all; uggum hvergi, be not afraid!
Kormak; varðar honum slíkt sem hvergi sé léð, Grág. i. 438; ef þú
bregðr h. af, Nj. 31; at þeir skyldu h. at göra, 189; hvergi á fé at taka
frá kirkju, K. Þ. K. 20 new Ed.: fara hvergi, to 'fare nowhere,' to stay
at home, 9 new Ed., Fms. i. 10; ek vil hvergi fara, I shall not go
at all, Ísl. ii. 32; vil ek at hvergi sé eptir riðit, nopursuit, 358;
vera hvergi færr, to be quite unable to go, Eg. 107, Hkr. i. 269, Ó. H.
128. 2. with compar.; þat þykki mér hvergi úvænna, Fms. xi. 94;
h. úframar, noways inferior, 48; h. betr, no better, Bs. i. 633; hvergi
nær (mod. hvergi nærri), nowhere near, far from it, Eg. III. 3.
alls hvergi, not at all, Grág. i. 141; hvar nema alls hvergi, where but
nowhere, Ísl. ii. 236.
hverigr, adj., see hverrgi.
HVERN or hvörn, f. [proncd. kvörn or kvern, but distinction is
to be made between kvern, mola, and hvern, cerebrum; for in the latter
word h is the true initial, as is shewn by comparison with Ulf. hwairnei
= GREEK , Mark xv. 22; Scot, harns; Germ, hirn; Swed. hjerna; Dan.
hjerne, which stand in the same relation to hvern as hjól to hvel] :-- the
two boat-formed white bones embedded in a fish's brains. These bones, as
well as shells, are in Icel. collected and used by children in the game of
guessing, as nuts etc. are in England; hann lauk þá upp höfuðskeljum
mannanna, og tók hnefa-fylli úr hverju höfði og hugði vandliga að;
eintómar hvarnir, og ekki nema tvær í þorsk-kindinni, Fjölnir (1845)
52. hvarnar-skeljar, f. pl. = hvarnir.
hverna, u, f. [hverr, m.], a pan, basin, Nikd. 28.
hvernig, qs. hvernveg, [see hverr], interrog. direct and indirect; the
forms vary, hverneg or hvernig, Eg. 19 A, 106, 123, 292, 394, Hkr.
i. 170, 287, Korm. 130, 148, Glúm. 327, Band. 18 new Ed., passim:
hvernog or hvernug, Orkn. 83 (v. 1.), Hkr. i. 120, 347, Al. 63, 65,
and passim in old MSS.: the mod. form is hvernin, proncd. hvurinn
or kvurninn, qs. hvernveginn, from vegr with the article, which form
is also now and then found in old MSS., Fs. 105 (MS. Arna-Magn. 132),
Bs. Hungrv. passim, as also later MSS. :-- how? in what way? the refer-
ences passim.
HVERR, m., pl. hverar: I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringl-
óttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda
168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af
hvera, Gm. 42,= mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill
and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook,
Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir,
m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda. II. metaph.
in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it
is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141
(hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west
the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the
north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637;
Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Bað-
stofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798;
whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbour-
hood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. 1294; Grafar-hver, 890-
Reykjaness-hverar, 895, (whence Hver-holmr, the name of a holm);
the springs in Krísuvík, 897; the hverar in Reykja-holt and Reykja-dalr:
they are found even in glaciers, as in Torfa-jökull, 766. COMPDS;
hvera-fuglar, m. pl. fabulous birds, Eggert Itin. 890. hvera-hella,
u, f. = hverahrúðr, Itin. 142. hvera-hrúðr, m. the tophus or tuf-stone
deposited by hot springs, Itin. 145. hvera-leir, m. a kind of lime
Itin. 127. hvera-slý, n. the soft pulp deposited by hot springs, Itin.
109. hvera-steinar, m. pl. a kind of tuf-stone, Itin. 660. hvera-
vatn, n. water from a hver. For old dried up hverar see Itin. 295; cp.
also the remarks s. v. Geysir and Ann. 1294. From hvera-lundr in
Vsp. an Icel. origin of this poem is suggested by Prof. Bergmann in his
Poëmes Islandaises, Paris 1838, p. 183, as the verse seems to refer to
volcanic agencies.
HVERR, pron. interrog. and indef.; at the present day proncd. hvur,
with u throughout, and in mod. printed books usually spelt hvör, a form
no doubt derived from the dual hvárr (hvorr), used in a plur. sense: for
its declension, see Gramm. p. xxi; an acc. hverjan, Hým. 39; hverjan
morgin, Vsp. 22, Fb. ii. 71 (in a verse); hverjan dag, Vþm. 11, 18, 23, 41,
Gm. 8, 14, 20, 29; hverjan veg, Vþm. 18; whence the contracted form
hvern. [The Gothic has a threefold interrog. pron., a sing, hwas, hwo,
hwa; a dual, hwaþar; and a plur. hwarjis, hwarja, hwarjata. To the
first of these pronouns answers the old Icel. form hvar, A. S. hwa, Scot.
who, Engl. who, Swed. ho, Dan. hvo, cp. Lat. quis; but this pronoun is defec-
tive, and remains only in the neut. hvat, q. v., Ulf. hwa, A. S. hwat, Engl.
what, Germ, was, Dan. -Swed. hvad, Lat. quid: the dat. masc. hveim is
obsolete, Goth, hvamme, Engl. whom, Dan. hvem: the dat. hvi (see
hvat II, III): a nom. masc. hvar (hva-r) seems to be used a few
times in old MSS. (e. g. Kb. of the Grágás), but it is uncertain, as the
word is usually abbreviated UNCERTAIN or UNCERTAIN : a gen. sing, hves (Goth, hwes,
North. E. whese) occurs, hves lengra, how much farther? Hom. (St.) 50;
til hves, to what? 65: possibly the GREEK hós, Ls. 33, is a remnant of
the old gen. To the Goth, dual answers the Icel. hvárr (hvaðarr), q. v.
To the Goth. plur. answers the Icel. hverr, with characteristic j, which
is used in sing, and plur. alike. In the neut. sing, the two forms, hvat
and hvert, are distinguished thus, that hvat (hvað) is interrog., hvert
indef., e. g. hvað barn, what bairn ? but hvert barn, every bairn.]
A. Interrogative, = Lat. quis, quae, quid? who, what, which ? as sub-
stantive and adjective, direct and indirect; hvers fregnit mik? Vsp. 22;
hverjar ro þær meyjar ? Vþm. 48; hverir æsir ? 30, Fsm. 8, 34; hverr er
sá enn eini? Fas. ii. 529; hverir hafa tekið ofan skjöldu vára? Nj. 68;
hverju skal launa kvæðit? Ísl. ii. 230; hverr er sá maðr? Fms. ii. 269;
telja til hvers hann hafði neytt eði hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155; spyrja
hverja þeir vilja kveðja, ii. 24; kveða á þingmörk hver eru, i. 100;
(segja) hverjar guðsifjar með þeim eru, 30; hugsa til hvers þú munt færr
verða, Fms. i. 83; vita hverr þú ert, ii. 269; vita hvert biðja skal, Edda;
þeir þóttusk sjá til hvers aetlað var, Fms. ix. 461; eigi veit ek til hvers
ek má ætla, Bs. i. 541; hón segir honum hvers efni í eru, how matters
stood, 539; þeir vissu hverju hann ætlaði fram at fara, Fms. i. 291;
hann segir hverrar ættar Ólafr var, 81; sögðu með hverju (erendi) þeir
höfðu farit, Eg. 281. 2. with the notion of Lat. qualis; en hvat
kemr þér í hug, hverr (qualis) ek muna vera þeim Írum, ef ? ..., Fas. ii.
529; þeim þótti úsýnt hverr friðr gefinn væri, Fms. v. 24; sá einn veit,
hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17.
B. Indefinite pronoun, = Lat. quisque, every one, each, used both as
substantive and as adjective: 1. as subst.; with gen., þat sæti ætlaði sér
hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; manna, seggja, lýða, gumna hverr, every one of
the men, every man, Hm. 14, 17, 53-55, Sól. 49; fróðra hverr, every wise
man, Hm. 7; ráðsnotra hverr, 63: absol., as in the sayings, hverr er sjálfum
sér næstr; bærr er hverr at ráða sínu; djarfr er hverrum deildan verð; fróðr er
hverr fregnvíss; hverr er sinnar hamingju smiðr; dauðr verðr hverr, Hallfred;
hail er heima hverr, Hm.; kveðr hverr sinnar þurftar: lét harm þar tala
um hvern þat er vildi, Eb. and passim: with a possess, pron., ef sér ferr
hverr várr, each of us, Glúm. 329. 2. as adj., á hverju þingi, Hkr. ii.
300; hverjan dag, every day, Vsp., Vþm., Gm.; í hverri tíð, at any time,
Hom. 112; hver undr, Fs. 115; hverjum manni, Nj. 6; meiri ok sterkari
hverjum manni, Hkr. i. 148; hver spurning liítr til svara, Sks. 307; hverr
gumi, Hm. 13, passim. 3. as adv., í hverju, evermore; veðrit óx í
hverju, Fms. vi. 379; þykir harðna sambúðin í hverju, grew ever worse
and worse, xi. 441; veðrit óx í hverri, Skáld. H. 4. 14. II. any;
fyrir utan hverja hjálp, Hom. 159: esp. if following after a compar., es
meiri fögnuðr boðinn á þessi tíð en á hverri annarri, Hom. (St.); hefir
þetta með meirum fádæmum gengit heldr en hvert annarra, Band. 33
new Ed. III. adding the relat. particle er or sem, whosoever, which-
soever, whatsoever; hvers sem við þarf, Fms. i. 306; þá á þá sök hverr
er vill, Grág. i. 10; hverr er svá er spakr, Hom. 2; hverju sinni er,
whensoever, Str. 27 and passim. IV. with another pron. or adj.;
hverr at öðrum, one after another, Eg. 91, Fs. 158; hvert at öðru, Fas.
ii. 556; hvert sumar frá öðru, Grág. i. 92; hverja nótt eptir aðra, Þiðr.
53, 150; at öðru hverju, now and then, adverbially; hverir tveir, every
two and two, by twos, Fms. iv. 299; þriðja hvert ár, every three years,