§ī 13-16] Alphabet and Pronunciation 9 NOTE,—i. For y, see § 2 note 3. The nasals and liquids in the function of vowels will be found under consonants §§ 22, 25. 2. ái, á.u, in were falling diphthongs, that is, the stress fell upon the first of the two elements.
		B. THE CONSONANTS. § 13. According to the transcription adopted in § 2 the Gothic consonant-system is represented by the following letters, which are here re-arranged after the order of the English alphabet:—b, d, f, g, In, h/, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, þ, w, z. § 14. b had a twofold pronunciation. Initially, as also medially and finally after consonants, it was a voiced explosive like English b, as barn, child; blinds, bind; baíran, to bear; salbōn, to anoint; arbi, heritage; lamb, lamb; -swarb, he wiped. Medially after vowels it was a voiced bilabial spirant, and may be pronounced like the ν in English live, which is a voiced labio-dental spirant, as'hafean, to have; sibun. seven; ibns, even. See § 161. § 16. d had a twofold pronunciation. Initially, as also medially and finally after consonants, it was a voiced explosive like the đ in English do, as dags, day; dáuþus, death; đragan, to draw; kalđs, cold; bindan, to bind, band, he bound; huzd, treasure; also when geminated, as iđdja, / went. Medially after vowels it was a voiced interdental spirant nearly like the th in English then, as, fadar. father; bađi, bed; biudan, to offer. See § 173. § 16. f was probably a voiceless bilabial spirant like the fin OHG. slāfan, to sleep; a sound which does not occur in English. It may, however, be pronounced like the f in English life, which is labio-dental, as fadar, father; fulls, full; ufar, over; wulfs, wolf; fimf, five; gaf, he gave.