i2 Phonology [§§ »4-3° § 24. q was a labialized k, and may be pronounced like the qu in English queen, as qiman, to come; qēns, wife; sigqan, to sink; riqis, darkness; sagq, he sank; bistugq, a stumbling. See §§ 2 note 3, 163. § 26. r was a trilled lingual r, and was also so pronounced before consonants, and finally, like the r in Lowland Scotch. It occurs as a consonant initially, medially, and finally, as raíhts, right, straight; redan, to counsel; haíran, to bear; barn, child; fiđwōr, four; daúr, door. In the function of a vowel it does not occur in stem-syllables, as akrs, field; tagr, tear; huggrjan, to hunger. Cp. § 159. § 26. s was a voiceless spirant in all positions like the s in English sin, as sama, same; sibun, seven; wisan, to be; þūsundi, thousand; bus, house ; gras, grass. § 27. t had the same sound-value as English t in ten, as taíhun, ten ; tunþus, tooth ; háitan, to name; mahts, might, power; haírtō, heart; wait, / know; at, to, at. § 28. þ was a voiceless spirant like the th in English thin, as þagkjan, to think ; þreis, three; brōþar, brother; brūþs, bride ; miþ, with; fanþ, he found. § 29. w (i. e. u in the function of a consonant) had mostly the same sound-value as the w in English wit. After diphthongs and long vowels, as also after consonants not followed by a vowel, it was probably a kind of reduced u-sound. the exact quality of which cannot be determined. Examples of the former pronunciation are :—wens, hope ; witan, to know; wrikan, to persecute; swistar, sister; taíhswō, right hand. And of the latter:—snáiws, snow ; waurstw, work; skađwjan, to overshadow. § 3O. z was a voiced spirant like the z in English freeze, and only occurs medially in regular native Gothic forms, as huzd, hoard, treasure; hazjan, to praise; máiza, greater. But see § 175.