f§ 52~6) Indo-Gennanic Vowel-Sounds 21 § 52. ou (Lat. ou (later ū), Gr. ou) became au (cp. § 39), as prim. Indg. *rouđhos, Goth, ráuþs, O.Icel. rauðr, OS. rod, OHG. rot, OE. read, red, cp. Lat. rūfus, red; prim. Indg. *bhe-bhoudhe, Skr. bubođha, has waked, Goth, báuþ, O.Icel. bauS, OS. bod, OHG. bōt, OE. bead, has offered. § 58. m (Lat. em, Gr. α, αμ) became nm, as Gr. άμο- (in άμόβί?. from some place or other), Goth, sums, O.Icel. sumr, OS. OHG. OE. sum, some one; Gr. ίκατόν, Lat. centum (with η from m by assimilation, and similarly in the Germanic languages), Goth. OE. OS. hund, OHG. hunt, hundred, all from a prim, form *kmtom. § 54. η (Lat. en, Gr. ο, ακ) became un, as Lat. com-mentus (pp.), invented, devised, Gr. αΰ-πϋ-ματο?, acting of one's own will, Goth, ga-munds, OHG. gi-munt, OE. ge-mynd, remembrance, prim, form *mntos (pp.) from root men-, think; OS. wundar, OHG. wuntar, OE. wunđor, wonder, cp. Gr. άθρέω from */Γαθρέω, I gaze at. § 66. r (Lat. or, Gr. op, pa) became ur, ru, as OHG. gi-turrum, OE. durron, we dare, cp. Gr. βαρσύ? (βροσύϊ), bold, βαρσέω, / am of good courage; dat. pi. Gr. πατρώπ, Goth, fadrum, OHG. faterum, OE. fæđ(e)rum, to fathers; Lat. porca, the ridge between two furrows, OHG. furuh, OE. furh, furrow. § 5β. 1 (Lat. ol, Gr. ολ, λα) became ul, lu, as Goth, fulls, O.Icel. fullr, OHG. vol, OS. OE. full, prim, form *plnos, full; Goth, wulfs, O.Icel. ulfr, OHG. wolf, OS. OE. wulf, prim, form *wlqos, wolf. NOTE.—i. If we summarize the vowel-changes which have been stated in this chapter, it will be seen that the following vowel-sounds fell together:—a, o, and a; original u and the u which arose from Indg. vocalic 1, m, n, r; ī and ei ; a and ō; ai and oi; au and ou. a. As we shall sometimes have occasion to use examples from Sanskrit, it may be well to note that Indg. Ϊ, fi remained in this language, but that the following vowel-sounds fell together, viz. a, e, ο in a; i, a in i; 5, ē, ō in a; tautosyllabic ai, ei, oi in ē; and tautosyllabic au, eu. ou in δ.