52 Phonology [§ 127 is written 1, u when the first element is the bearer of the stress, thus ái, áu, &c., but when the second element has the stress the first element is written j, w, thus já, wá, &c, 5. In the writing down of prim. Germanic forms the signs J> (=» th in Engl. thin), a (=· th in Engl. then), U (— a bilabial spirant, which may be pronounced like the ν in Engl. vine), 5 (=» g often heard in German sagen), χ (= NHG. ch and the ch in Scotch loch). § 127. In the following tables of the normal equivalents of the Indg. explosives in Latin, Greek, and the Germanic languages, Table I contains the Indg. tenues p, t, k, the mediae b, d, g and the pure velars q, g. Table II contains the Indg. mediae aspiratae and the velars q, g with labialization. The equivalents in the Germanic languages do not contain the changes caused by Verner's Law, &c. The East Franconian dialect is taken as the normal for OHG. The following points should be noticed:— (1) The Indg. tenues p, t, k and the mediae b, đ, g generally remained unchanged in Latin and Greek. (2) The pure velars (q, g) fell together with the palatals k, g in Latin and Greek. They became χ, k in prim. Germanic, and thus fell together with the χ, k from Indg. k, g. (3) The pure velar gh fell together with the original palatal gh in Latin and Greek. (4) The Indg. mediae aspiratae became in prehistoric Latin and Greek tenues aspiratae, and thus fell together with the original tenues aspiratae. (5) The Indg. tenues aspiratae became voiceless spirants in prim. Germanic, and thus fell together with the voiceless spirants from the Indg. tenues. See § 130. (6) In Latin Indg. q with labialization became qu, rarely c. g with labialization became ν (but gu after n, and g when the labialized element had been lost, as gravis = Gr. βαρύς, heavy).