§ 127] The First Sound-shifting 53 Indg. ph, bh became f initially and b medially. Indg. th, đh became f initially, b medially before and after r, before 1 and after u (w), in other cases d. Indg. kh, gh became h initially before and medially between vowels; g before and after consonants, and f before u (w). Indg. qh, gh with labialization became f initially, ν medially except that after η they became gu. (7) In Greek Indg. q, g with labialization became it, β before non-palatal vowels (except u) and before consonants (except Indg. j); τ, S before palatal vowels ; and κ, γ before and after u. Indg. ph, bh became φ; th, dh became θ; and kh, gh became χ. Indg. qh, gh with labialization became φ before non-palatal vowels (except u) and before consonants (except Indg. j); θ before palatal vowels; and χ before and after u. (8) When two consecutive syllables would begin with aspirates, the first was de-aspirated in prehistoric times in Sanskrit and Greek, as Skr. bánđhanam, a binding, Goth. OE. binđan, OHG. bintan, to bind; Skr. bodhati, he learns, is awake, Gr. πείθεται, he asks, inquires, Goth, ana-biuđan, OE. bēodan, to bid, OHG. biotan, to offer, root bheudh-; Gr. κανθύλη, a swelling, OE. gunđ, OHG. gunt, matter, pus; Gr. ðpí|, hair, gen. τριχο^ ; Ιχω, I have, fut. ίξω. (g) In OHG. the prim. Germanic explosives p, t became the affricatae pf, tz (generally written zz, z), initially, as also medially after consonants, and when doubled. But prim. Germanic p, t, k became the double spirants ff, %%, hh (also written ch) medially between vowels and finally after vowels. The double spirants were simplified to f, ς, h when they became final or came to stand before other consonants, and also generally medially when preceded by a long vowel or diphthong.