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58 Phonology [§§ 131-2

indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. I:—Skr, root sphal·, run violently against, O.Icel. falla, OS. OHG. fallan, OE. feallan, to fall; Gr. ά-σκηθή*, unhurt, Goth, skaþjan, OE. sceþþan, OHG. skadōn, to injure; Gr. σχίζω, / split, Goth, skáiđan, OE. scādan, OHG. sceiđan, to divide, separate; φάλλη, O.Icel. hvalr, OE. hwæl, OHG. (h)waJ, whale; Skr. kváthati, it boils, Goth. luaþjan, to foam.

§ 181. The Indg. mediae aspiratae probably became first of all the voiced spirants U, đ, g, 5(w). For the further development of these sounds during the prim. Germanic period see §§ 182,133.

§ 132. t>, đ initially, and b, đ, g medially after their corresponding nasals, became the voiced explosives b, d, g:—

b. Goth, baíran, OE. OS. OHG. beran, O.Icel. bera, to bear, Skr. bhárāmi, Gr. φέρω, Lat. ferō, / bear; Goth, beitan, O.Icel. bīta, OE. OS. bítan, OHG. bī?%an, to bite, Skr. bheđāmi, Lat. findō, I cleave; Goth, brōþar, OE. brōoOr, OS. brōthar, OHG. bruoder, O.Icel, brōoir, Skr. bhrátar-, Lat. frāter, brother, cp. also Gr. Φρατηρ,

φρατωρ.

Goth. *kambs, OE. camb, OHG. camb (chamb), O.Icel. kambr, comb, Skr. jámbhas, tooth, Gr. γόμφο;, bolt, nail, prim, form *gombhos.

d. Goth, dags, OE. đæg, OS. dag, O.Icel. dagr, OHG. tag, day, Skr. ni-đāghás, older *ni-dhāghás, hot season, summer, Indg. form *dhoghos; Goth, ga-dēþs (stem ga-dēđi·), OE. dæd, OS. dad, O.Icel. đāS, OHG. tat, deed, related to Gr. θή-σω, I shall place, Skr. đháma, law, dwelling-place, rt. đhē-; Goth, daúhtar, OE. dohtor, OS. dohter, OHG. tohter, Gr. θυγιίτηρ, daughter.

Goth. OE. OS. bindan, O.Icel. binđa, OHG. bintan, to bind, Skr. bánđhanam, a binding, cp· Gr. uecðepos, father-in-law, Lat. of-fendimentum, chin-cloth, rt. bhenđh·.

g. Goth, aggwus, OE. enge, OS. OHG. engi, narrow,



		58 Phonology [§§ 131-2 indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. I:—Skr, root sphal·, run violently against, O.Icel. falla, OS. OHG. fallan, OE. feallan, to fall; Gr. ά-σκηθή, unhurt,* Goth, skaþjan, OE. sceþþan, OHG. skadōn, to injure; Gr. σχίζω, / split, Goth, skáiđan, OE. scādan, OHG. sceiđan, to divide, separate; φάλλη, O.Icel. hvalr, OE. hwæl, OHG. (h)waJ, whale; Skr. kváthati, it boils, Goth. luaþjan, to foam. § 181. The Indg. mediae aspiratae probably became first of all the voiced spirants U, đ, g, 5(w). For the further development of these sounds during the prim. Germanic period see §§ 182,133. § 132. t>, đ initially, and b, đ, g medially after their corresponding nasals, became the voiced explosives b, d, g:— b. Goth, baíran, OE. OS. OHG. beran, O.Icel. bera, to bear, Skr. bhárāmi, Gr. φέρω, Lat. ferō, / bear; Goth, beitan, O.Icel. bīta, OE. OS. bítan, OHG. bī?%an, to bite, Skr. bheđāmi, Lat. findō, I cleave; Goth, brōþar, OE. brōoOr, OS. brōthar, OHG. bruoder, O.Icel, brōoir, Skr. bhrátar-, Lat. frāter, brother, cp. also Gr. Φρατηρ, φρατωρ. Goth. kambs, OE. camb, OHG. camb (chamb), O.Icel. kambr, comb,* Skr. jámbhas, tooth, Gr. γόμφο;, bolt, nail, prim, form gombhos. d. Goth, dags, OE. đæg, OS. dag, O.Icel. dagr, OHG. tag, day,* Skr. ni-đāghás, older ni-dhāghás, hot season, summer,* Indg. form dhoghos; Goth, ga-dēþs (stem ga-dēđi·), OE. dæd, OS. dad, O.Icel. đāS, OHG. tat, deed,* related to Gr. θή-σω, I shall place, Skr. đháma, law, dwelling-place, rt. đhē-; Goth, daúhtar, OE. dohtor, OS. dohter, OHG. tohter, Gr. θυγιίτηρ, daughter. Goth. OE. OS. bindan, O.Icel. binđa, OHG. bintan, to bind, Skr. bánđhanam, a binding, cp· Gr. uecðepos, father-in-law, Lat. of-fendimentum, chin-cloth, rt. bhenđh·. g. Goth, aggwus, OE. enge, OS. OHG. engi, narrow,