§<33] The First Sound-shifting 59 cp. Lat. angō, Gr. άγχω, / press tight, it. angh·; Goth. laggs, OE. lang, long, OS. OHG. lang, O.Icel. langr, Lat. longus, long. t§133. t>, đ, g remained in other positions, and their further development belongs to the history of the separate Germanic languages. In Goth. t>, đ (written b, d) remained medially after vowels, but became explosives (b, đ) after consonants. They became f, þ finally after vowels and before final -s. g remained medially between vowels, and medially after vowels before voiced consonants, but became χ (written g) finally after vowels and before final •s. It became g initially, and also medially after voiced consonants. See §§ 166-9. In O.Icel. b (written f) remained medially between and finally after voiced sounds, but became f before voiceless sounds, đ (written ð) generally remained medially and finally. 5 remained medially after vowels and liquids, but became χ and then disappeared finally. It became g initially, đ became d in all the West Germanic languages and then d became t in OHG. In OE. ft (generally written f) remained between voiced sounds, but became voiceless f finally. 5 remained in the oldest period of the language. In OS. 1) (written t>, b) generally remained between voiced sounds. It became f medially before 1 and n, and before voiceless consonants, and also finally, g (written g) remained initially and medially, but became χ finally, although it was generally written g. In OHG. 15, § became b, g. Geminated 615, đđ, gg, of whatever origin, became bb, dđ, gg in the prehistoric period of all the Germanic languages. Examples are:—Goth. *nibls, OS. netlal, OHG. nebul, Lat. nebula, Gr. κεψέλη, mist, cloud, cp. Skr. nábhas, Gr. ι-έφο9, cloud; Goth, liufs, O.Icel. Ijūfr, OE. lēof, OS. liof, OHG. liob, dear, original form *leubhos, cp. Skr. lúbhyāmi, I feel a strong desire, Lat. lubet (libet), it pleases; OE. OS. ūder, OHG. uter, Skr. uđhar, Gr. οΰθαρ, udder; Goth, ráuþs, O.Icel. rauðr, OE.