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§§ Ϊ35-⁶] Vernet's Law 61

a, ā{= Germ, ð § 42); and that then the law became greatly obscured during the prim. Germ, period through form-transference and levelling out in various directions, as Goth, qam, OHG. quam, prim, form *goma, / came, for Goth. OHG. *kam after the analogy of Goth, qima, OHG. quimu, original form *gemō, / come; Goth, ruas, who ? ~ Indg. *qos, for *has after the analogy of the gen. hrls = Indg. *qeso, &c.

NOTE.—In several words the Indg. velars, when preceded or followed by a w or another labial in the same word, appear in the .Germanic languages as labials by assimilation. The most important examples are:—Goth, wulfs, OE. OS. wulf, OHG. wolf, O.Icel. ulfr = Gr. λύκο? for * γλυκοί, prim, form *wíqos, cp. Skr. vi-kas, wolf; Goth, fiđwor, OE. feower (but fybsr-fēte, four-fooled), OS. OHG. flor, prim, form *qetwores, cp. Lithuanian keturi, Lat. quattuor, Gr. τέσσαρες, Skr. catvaras; Goth, fimf, OE. OS. fīf, OHG. flmf (finf) from *flmfi, prim, form 'perjqe, cp. Skr. pane a, Gr. πείτε, Lat. qnīnque (for *pīnque), five; OHG. wulpa, she-wolf, from *wull5í, prim, form *wlqf, cp. Skr. vrkī; Goth, walrpan, OE. weorpan, OS. werpan, OHG. werfan, O.Icel. verpa, to throw, cp. O. Bulgarian vrígtj, / throw, OE. swāpan, OHG. sweifan, to swing, cp. Lithuanian swaikstti, / becomt dizzy.

§ 135. Various theories have been propounded as to the chronological order in which the Indg. tenues, tenucs aspiratae, mediae, and mediae aspiratae, were changed by the first sound-shifting in prim. Germanic. But not one of these theories is satisfactory. Only so much is certain that at the time when the Indg. mediae became tenues, the Indg, tenues must have been on the way to becoming voiceless spirants, otherwise the two sets of sounds would have fallen together.

Verner's Law.

t § 136. After the completion of the first sound-shifting,
and while the principal accent was not yet confined to the



		§§ Ϊ35-⁶] Vernet's Law 61 a, ā{= Germ, ð § 42); and that then the law became greatly obscured during the prim. Germ, period through form-transference and levelling out in various directions, as Goth, qam, OHG. quam, prim, form goma, / came,* for Goth. OHG. kam after the analogy of Goth, qima, OHG. quimu, original form gemō, / come; Goth, ruas, who ? ~ Indg. qos, for has after the analogy of the gen. hrls = Indg. qeso, &c. NOTE.—In several words the Indg. velars, when preceded or followed by a w or another labial in the same word, appear in the .Germanic languages as labials by assimilation. The most important examples are:—Goth, wulfs, OE. OS. wulf, OHG. wolf, O.Icel. ulfr = Gr. λύκο? for γλυκοί, prim, form wíqos, cp. Skr. vi-kas, wolf;* Goth, fiđwor, OE. feower (but fybsr-fēte, four-fooled), OS. OHG. flor, prim, form qetwores, cp. Lithuanian keturi, Lat. quattuor, Gr. τέσσαρες, Skr. catvaras; Goth, fimf, OE. OS. fīf, OHG. flmf (finf) from flmfi, prim, form 'perjqe, cp. Skr. pane a, Gr. πείτε, Lat. qnīnque (for pīnque), five;* OHG. wulpa, she-wolf, from wull5í, prim, form wlqf, cp. Skr. vrkī; Goth, walrpan, OE. weorpan, OS. werpan, OHG. werfan, O.Icel. verpa, to throw, cp. O. Bulgarian vrígtj, / throw, OE. swāpan, OHG. sweifan, to swing, cp. Lithuanian swaikstti, / becomt dizzy. § 135. Various theories have been propounded as to the chronological order in which the Indg. tenues, tenucs aspiratae, mediae, and mediae aspiratae, were changed by the first sound-shifting in prim. Germanic. But not one of these theories is satisfactory. Only so much is certain that at the time when the Indg. mediae became tenues, the Indg, tenues must have been on the way to becoming voiceless spirants, otherwise the two sets of sounds would have fallen together. Verner's Law. t § 136. After the completion of the first sound-shifting, and while the principal accent was not yet confined to the