§§ 216-i7] Declension of Nouns ιοί In the parent language the words for father, mother and daughter had in the sing. nom. -tēr, ace. loc. -ter-, voc. -ter, gen. dat. -tr- (with consonantal τ), Pi. nom. -ter-, ace. gen. -tr- (with consonantal r), dat. loc. -tr-(withvocalicr),cp. §206, The word for brother had sing. nom. -tor or -tēr, and the word for sister -or (see § 147) with short -or- or loss of ·ο· in the other cases just as in -tēr, -ter-, -tr·. In Goth, -e-, •o- regularly became -a- before the following -r- (cp. §§ 8Θ note, 106). The prim. Germ, forms of brōþar were : Sing. nom. *-brōþōr, or -ēr (cp. Gr. Dor. φροτωρ, φρέτηρ, member of a clan, πατήρ, father), ace. *t>rōþarun» or -erun (cp. φρατορα, φρατερα), VOC. 'brōþar, or -er (cp, φρατορ, φρατερ), gen. *t)rōþraz» or -iz (cp. πατρόϊ, Lat. patris), dat, *brōþri(cp. πατρί); PI. nom. *brōbariz, or -iriz(cp. φρατορ·.?, iroTípes), acc. *t.»rōþrun£? gen. *trōþrðn (cp. πατρώρ), dat. *brōþrumlz; from which all the Gothic forms are regularly developed except the nom. sing, and the nom. and gen. plural. The nom. sing, is the acc. or voc. used for the nominative. The ending -or, -ēr would not have become •ar in Gothic, see § 80 note. The nom. pi. was formed after the analogy of sunjus (§ 202) owing to the acc. and dat. pi. regularly falling together in both declensions. On the -ē in brōþrē see § 178. § 216. In the same manner are declined :—đaúhtar. daughter; swistar (§ 147), stster. The word fađar,father, only occurs once, and that in the voc. or nom. sing. *mōđar, mother, does not occur at all, instead of which áiþei (§ 212) is used. 2. Stems in -nđ. § 217. The nouns of this declension are old present participles, like Lat. ferēns, bearing, gen. ferentis, and originally had the same case endings as the other con sonantal stems. But in Gothic as in the other Germanic languages they underwent various new formations. The