g_ - 0132.htm

§₂6i] Pronouns 121

t§261. In the parent language the nom. was rarely used except to express emphasis (cp. Skr. Lat. and Gr.}, because it was sufficiently indicated by the personal endings of the verb. Beside the accented form of each case of the personal pronouns, there also existed one or more unaccented forms just as in many modern dialects, where we often find three or even four forms for the nom. case of each pronoun. It is impossible to determine whether forms like ik, mik, mis, and þu, þuk, þus, jus represent the original accented or unaccented forms, because prim.ι Germanic e became 1 in Gothic both in accented (§ 66) and unaccented syllables (§ 107), and u, ū were not distinguished in writing (§ 3). Forms with medial -z- like izwis, izōs, izē, &c. represent unaccented forms (§ 136). The -k in mik, þuk, sik (§ 262) goes back to a prim. Germanic emphatic particle *ke = Indg. *ge, which is found in Gr. pronominal forms like ίμέγ«, mt indeed. The gen. of the sing., dual and plural of the first and second persons probably represents the nom. ace. neut. pi. of the corresponding possessive pronouns (§ 263), which came to be used for the gen. of the personal pronouns. The origin of the final -s in mis, þus, sis, and of the -is in unsis, izwis, ugkis, igqis is unknown.

Prim. Germanic *ek (O.Icel. ek, cp. Lat. ego, Gr. Ιγώ):

*ik (OE. ic, OS. ik, OHG. ih); *mek: *mik (O.Icel. OS. mik, OHG. mih); *mes: *miz (OS. mi, OHG. mir);

*wīs (Goth. weis):*wiz (OS. wí, OHG. wir); *unz (= OE. OS. us, OHG. uns, Indg. *ns with vocalic n, § 54), the unaccented form of *nes = Skr. nas, us; *unsiz formed from Goth, uns + iz; Goth. OE. OS. wi-t, O.Icel. vi-t are unaccented plural forms with the addition of -t which is of obscure origin ; *tirj-kiz (§ 168) where urj- = the un- in un-s, cp. OE. unc, OS. unk. *þū (Lat. tū, O.Icel. OE. þū, OS. thū, OHG. đū): *þu (Gr. συ', OE. þu, OS. thu, OHG. du); *þek (?OE. þec):*þik (O.Icel. þik, OS. thik,



		§₂6i] Pronouns 121 t§261. In the parent language the nom. was rarely used except to express emphasis (cp. Skr. Lat. and Gr.}, because it was sufficiently indicated by the personal endings of the verb. Beside the accented form of each case of the personal pronouns, there also existed one or more unaccented forms just as in many modern dialects, where we often find three or even four forms for the nom. case of each pronoun. It is impossible to determine whether forms like ik, mik, mis, and þu, þuk, þus, jus represent the original accented or unaccented forms, because prim.ι Germanic e became 1 in Gothic both in accented (§ 66) and unaccented syllables (§ 107), and u, ū were not distinguished in writing (§ 3). Forms with medial -z- like izwis, izōs, izē, &c. represent unaccented forms (§ 136). The -k in mik, þuk, sik (§ 262) goes back to a prim. Germanic emphatic particle ke = Indg. ge, which is found in Gr. pronominal forms like ίμέγ«, mt indeed. The gen. of the sing., dual and plural of the first and second persons probably represents the nom. ace. neut. pi. of the corresponding possessive pronouns (§ 263), which came to be used for the gen. of the personal pronouns. The origin of the final -s in mis, þus, sis, and of the -is in unsis, izwis, ugkis, igqis is unknown. Prim. Germanic ek (O.Icel. ek, cp. Lat. ego, Gr. Ιγώ): ik (OE. ic, OS. ik, OHG. ih); mek: mik (O.Icel. OS. mik, OHG. mih); mes: miz (OS. mi, OHG. mir); wīs (Goth. weis):wiz (OS. wí, OHG. wir); unz (= OE. OS. us, OHG. uns, Indg. ns with vocalic n, § 54), the unaccented form of nes = Skr. nas, us;* unsiz formed from Goth, uns + iz; Goth. OE. OS. wi-t, O.Icel. vi-t are unaccented plural forms with the addition of -t which is of obscure origin ; tirj-kiz (§ 168) where urj- = the un- in un-s, cp. OE. unc, OS. unk. þū (Lat. tū, O.Icel. OE. þū, OS. thū, OHG. đū): þu (Gr. συ', OE. þu, OS. thu, OHG. du); þek (?OE. þec):þik (O.Icel. þik, OS. thik,