§§293-s] Verbs 139 dual and plural, cp. pi. O.Icel. ngrn-um, -uð, -u, OE. nōm-on, OS. nām-un, OHG. nām-urn, -ut, -un. Goth. nemu from *næm-uwi through the intermediate stages *næm-uw, *næm-ū. The t in nēmuts is of the same origin as in namt. nēmum, nēmuþ, nēmun from older *næm-umi, *náēm-uđi, *næm-un. § 293. Pret. Subjunctive: The original endings were: Sing, -jēm, -jēs, -jet (cp. O.Lat. siem, / may be, siēs, siet = Skr. syam, syás, syát); dual -īwē, -īthes, or -ītes; pi. -īmē, -īte, -īnt (cp. O.Lat. pi. sīmus, sītis, si-ent), consisting of the optative element -jē-, (·ϊ·) and the personal endings. Already during the prim. Germanic period the •ī- of the dual and plural was levelled out into the singular, so that the forms became *næmīn, *næmīz, *næmī(t), *næmíwæ, *næmīđiz, 'næmīmæ, *n-=ēmīđi, *næmín(t).from which the corresponding Gothic forms were regularly developed except nēmjáu, nēmeits, nēmeina. *næmīn would have become *nērni, the form nēmjáu was a new formation with -áu from the pres. subjunctive, and the change of i to j (cp. sunjus from older *suniuz (§ 15O note i); the -ts in nēmeits is of the same origin as in namt (§ 2Θ2); nēmeina with -a from nēmeima. § 294. Past Participle: The past participle was formed in various ways in the parent language. In prim. Germanic the suffix -eno·, -ono- became restricted to strong verbs, and the suffix -to- to weak verbs. In the strong verbs OE. and O.Icel. generalized the form ·έηο-, and Goth. OS. and OHG. the form ·όηο·. Beside the suffix -eno-, -ono- there also existed in prim. Germanic -inl- = Indg. ·έηί·. But prim. Germanic -ánaz, -íniz = Indg. •enos, -ēnis regularly fell together in -ins in Gothic, so that the isolated pp. fulgins (§ 137), hidden, can represent either form. §295. Pass. Indicative: The original forms were: Sing. *nemo-mai or -ai (cp. Gr. φέρομαι, Skr. bhárē),—the first