146 Accidence [§3" a. Reduplicated Strong Verbs. CLASS VII. § 311. The perfect (cp. § 292) was formed in the parent language partly with and partly without reduplication. The reason for this difference is unknown. Examples are: Skr. va-várta, / have turned, va-várttha, va-várta = Goth, warþ, warst, warþ; pi. va-vrtimá = Goth. waúrþ· um; Gr, λείπω, / leave, πέμπω, / send, pf. λέ-λοιπο, πέ-πομφα; 8έ-8ωκο; Lat. de-đl, I have given ; but Skr. veda, Gr. otSa. Goth, wait, / know, lit. / have seen. Classes I to VI of strong verbs, and the preterite-presents, belong to the type of Skr. veda. The reduplicated syllable originally contained the vowel e as in Greek λέ-λοιπα. In Gothic the vowel in the reduplicated syllable would regularly be i (§ βθ), except in verbs beginning with r, h, h/, where the aí is quite regular (§ Θ7), but from forms like redan, háitan, híōpan, pret. raí-rōþ, haí-háit, tvaí-ruōp, the aí was extended to the reduplicated syllable of all verbs of this class. In the sing, the accent was on the stem and in the dual and plural originally on the ending with corresponding change of ablaut (cp. §§ 32, 122-5, 136). Sanskrit preserved this distinction more faithfully than any of the other Indg. languages. It was also preserved in the Germanic languages in the first five classes of strong verbs. In the sixth class the vowel of the sing, was levelled out into the dual and plural. This levelling also took place in division (b) of the seventh class in Gothic, and the stem of the present was extended to the past participle which originally had the same stem as the pret. plural, cp. bitum, bunđum, pp. bitans, bunđans; whereas in division (a) the stem of the present was extended to all parts of the verb.