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§§ ₃i 2-i a] Verbs 147

§ 312. The reduplicated verbs in Gothic are most conveniently divided into two classes: —(a) verbs which retain the same stem-vowel through all tenses, and form their preterite simply by reduplication, as háitan, to call; haíháit, haíháitum, háítans; (b) verbs which form their preterite by reduplication and ablaut combined. These verbs have the same stem-vowel in the pret. sing, and plural, and the stem-vowel of the past participle is the same as that of the present tense.

NOTE.—In verbs beginning with two consonants, only the first is repeated in the reduplicated syllable except in the combinations st, sk, as fráisan, to tempt, pret. falfráis; but ga-staldan, to possess, pret. ga-staístald; skáidan, to sever, pret. skaiskáib.

When the verb begins with a vowel, the reduplication consists in prefixing ai, as áukan, to add, pret aiáuk.



		§§ ₃i 2-i a] Verbs 147 § 312. The reduplicated verbs in Gothic are most conveniently divided into two classes: —(a) verbs which retain the same stem-vowel through all tenses, and form their preterite simply by reduplication, as háitan, to call; haíháit, haíháitum, háítans; (b) verbs which form their preterite by reduplication and ablaut combined. These verbs have the same stem-vowel in the pret. sing, and plural, and the stem-vowel of the past participle is the same as that of the present tense. NOTE.—In verbs beginning with two consonants, only the first is repeated in the reduplicated syllable except in the combinations st, sk, as fráisan, to tempt, pret. falfráis; but ga-staldan, to possess, pret. ga-staístald; skáidan, to sever, pret. skaiskáib. When the verb begins with a vowel, the reduplication consists in prefixing ai, as áukan, *to add,* pret aiáuk.

			Division (a). § 313. Five sub-classes are to be distinguished according as the present stem contains:—a.(ā), ái, ē, ō, áu. Infin. Pret. St'ng. P.P. a(ā):—falban, to fold faífalþ falbans haldan, to hold haíhald haldans ga-stalđan, to possess ga-staístald ga-staldans fāhan (§ 59), to seize faífāh fāhans hāhan (§ 69), to hang haíhāh hāhans NOTE.—i. The following verbs, the preterites of which are not extant, also belong here: us aljjan, to grow old; blandan, to mix; ana-praggan, to oppress; saltan, to salt; waldan, to rule; gaggan, to go, pp. gaggans, the wanting pret. "galgagg is supplied by the weak pret. iddja (§ 321).