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CHAPTER XIV

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, AND CON-
JUNCTIONS

í. ADVERBS.

§ 844. Most adverbs of manner are formed from adjectives by means of the suffix -ba, the origin of which is uncertain. Some scholars regard it as an instrumental ending, representing an Indg. *-bhē or *-bhō. Examples are: baírhtaba, brightly; báitraba, bitterly; háuhaba, highly; Ivassaba, sharply ; mikilaba, greatly; raíhtaba, rightly; ubilaba, evilly, sunjaba, truly, ana-láugniba, secretly; ga-tēmiba,yzt/y. agluba, with difficulty ; harduba beside hardaba, grievously ; marrwuba, in readiness.

The original ablative of adjectives (Indg. -od, -Id, OE. -a, OS. OHG. ·ο) was often used adverbially, as and-áugjō, openly; ana-leikō, in like manner; ga-Ieikō, like; glaggwō, diligently ; sinteinō, continually; sniumundō, quickly ; spráutō, quickly; þiubjō, secretly; þridjō, for the third



			166 Accidence [§344 *Present.* Sing. í. wiljáu Plur. í. wlleima 2. wileis 2, wileiþ 3. will 3. wileína Dual 2. wileits INFIN. wiljan PARTICIPLE wiljands Preterite. INDIC. SUBJ. Sing. í. wilđa wilđēđjáu [£c. like nasida, § 317] [&c. like nasidēdjáu]

		CHAPTER XIV ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, AND CON- JUNCTIONS í. ADVERBS. § 844. Most adverbs of manner are formed from adjectives by means of the suffix -ba, the origin of which is uncertain. Some scholars regard it as an instrumental ending, representing an Indg. -bhē or -bhō. Examples are: baírhtaba, brightly; báitraba, bitterly; háuhaba, highly; Ivassaba, sharply ; mikilaba, greatly; raíhtaba, rightly; ubilaba, evilly, sunjaba, truly, ana-láugniba, secretly; ga-tēmiba,yzt/y. agluba, with difficulty ; harduba beside hardaba, grievously ; marrwuba, in readiness. The original ablative of adjectives (Indg. -od, -Id, OE. -a, OS. OHG. ·ο) was often used adverbially, as and-áugjō, openly; ana-leikō, in like manner; ga-Ieikō, like; glaggwō, diligently ; sinteinō, continually; sniumundō, quickly ; spráutō, quickly; þiubjō, secretly; þridjō, for the third