This is page 341 of An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary by Bosworth and Toller (1898)

This online edition was created by the Germanic Lexicon Project. Click here to go to the main page about Bosworth/Toller. (You can download the entire dictionary from that page.) Click here to volunteer to correct a page of this dictionary. Click here to search the dictionary. This page was generated on 30 Mar 2019. The individual pages are regenerated once a week to reflect the previous week's worth of corrections, which are performed and uploaded by volunteers. The copyright on this dictionary is expired. You are welcome to copy the data below, post it on other web sites, create derived works, or use the data in any other way you please. As a courtesy, please credit the Germanic Lexicon Project.

FROMNIS -- FRUM-CYN. 341

ass&i-short;det, Fromus ex&o-short;n&e-short;rat :-- Hér wende se here eft eástweard into Frómmúþan, and up eódon swá wíde swá hí woldon into Dorsæ-acute;ton here [A.D. 998] the army again went eastward into the mouth of the Frome, and they went up as far as they would into Dorsetshire, Chr. 998; Erl. 134, 16. Cnut cyng com to Frómmúþan, and heregode dá on Dorsæ-acute;tum, and on Wiltúnscire, and on Sumersæ-acute;tum king Cnut came to the mouth of the Frome, and then ravaged in Dorsetshire, and in Wiltshire, and in Somersetshire, Chr. 1015; Th. 276, 12. To Frómúþan, Th. 277, 13.

fromnis, se; f. Strength, excellence :-- Ic geseah míne gesæ-acute;linesse and þa fromnisse mínre iuguðe ego respiciens felicitatem meam insigni numero juventutis, Nar. 7, 22. v. from.

fromscipe, -scype, es; m. Exercise, a proceeding, progress; exerc&i-short;t&a-long;tio, profectus :-- Geunrótsod ic eom on bigonge oððe fromscipe mínum contrist&a-long;tus sum in exerc&i-short;t&a-long;ti&o-long;ne mea, Ps. Spl. C. 54, 2. Wæs for his fromscype onstyred Ædon Sceotta cyning m&o-long;tus &e-short;rat ejus profect&i-short;bus Ædan rex Scott&o-long;rum, Bd. 1, 34; S. 499, 28.

from-síþ, es; m. A going from or away, departure; discessus, ab&i-short;tus :-- Fromsíþ freán my lord's departure, Exon. 115 b; Th. 443, 20; Kl. 33.

from-slit[t]nis, se; f. Desolation; desolatio, Mk. Skt. Rush. and Lind. 13, 14.

from-swícan; p. -swác, pl. -swicon; pp. -swicen To withdraw, desert; descisc&e-short;re, des&e-short;r&e-short;re :-- Ðeáh ðe he him fromswice though he had withdrawn from them, Cd. 46; Th. 58, 31; Gen. 954. Ða leóde him fromswicon the nations deserted him, Cd. 93; Th. 119, 18; Gen. 1981.

fromung, e; f. Profit, advantage, good; profectus :-- Micel fromung much good, Bd. 5, 8; S. 621, 30, note. v. freomung, fremung.

from-weard s adj. From-ward, turned from or away, departing, about to depart; aversus, ab&i-short;t&u-long;rus, mor&i-short;t&u-long;rus :-- Æ-acute;lc ðara ðe ðís woruldgesæ-acute;lþa hæfþ, he wát ðæt hi [MS. he] him fromwearde beóþ every one who possesses these worldly goods, knows that they will be departing from him, Bt. 11, 2; Fox 34, 24. Ádl fæ-acute;gum fromweardum feorh óþ-þringeþ disease will expel life from the fated, about to depart, Exon. 82 b; Th. 310, 7; Seef. 71. [Laym. from-fram-ward.]

from-weardes; adv. From-wards, in a direction away from :-- Gif hunta gebíte mannan, sleah þrý scearpan neáh fromweardes if a hunting spider bite a man, strike three scarifications near, in a direction from [the bite], L. M. 1, 68; Lchdm. ii. 142, 19.

from-wendan; p. de To avert :-- Fromwoend averte, Rtl. 42, 13.

Fronc-land, -lond, es; m. Frank-land, the country of the Franks; Franc&o-long;rum terra :-- On Froncland into the land of the Franks, Chr. 920; Erl. 104, 35. On Fronclond, 836; Erl. 64, 32: 880; Erl. 82, 2. v. Franc-land.

frore, es; m. Frost, ice, icicle; g&e-short;lu, gl&a-short;cies, st&i-long;ria, Wald. 81; Vald. 2, 12. v. hilde-frore. [O. Nrs. freri, pl. frerar, m. ice, frozen ground.]

froren frozen; pp. of freósan.

frost, es; m. Frost, hoar-frost; g&e-short;lu, pru&i-long;na :-- On frost in pru&i-long;na, Ps. Spl. C. T. 77, 52. v. forst.

frostig; adj. Frosty; g&e-short;l&i-short;dus. Som. Ben. Lye.

fróuer, e; f. Comfort; cons&o-long;l&a-long;tio :-- On ðisum geáre sé árwurþa muneca feder and fróuer, Landfranc arcebisceop, gewát of ðissum lífe in this year [A.D. 1089] the venerable father and comfort of monks, archbishop Lanfranc, departed from this life, Chr. 1089; Erl. 226, 14. v. frofor.

frox, es; m. A frog; r&a-long;na :-- To ðé and to ðínum folce and in to eallum ðínum þeówum gáþ ða froxas ad te et ad p&o-short;p&u-short;lum tuum et ad omnes servos tuos intr&a-long;bunt r&a-long;næ, Ex. 8, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13: Ors. 1, 7; Bos. 29, 25. Ic sende froxas ofer ealle díne landgemæ-acute;ro I will send frogs over all thy borders, Ex. 8, 2, 5, 8. Ðæt flód awylþ eall froxum ebulliet fl&u-short;vius r&a-long;nas, 8, 3, 12. v. frogga.

frugnen asked, Bt. Met. Fox 22, 104; Met. 22, 52; pp. of frignan.

frugnon interr&o-short;g&a-long;bant, Ps. Surt. 34, 11; p. pl. of frignan.

frum; comp. frumra; adj. Vigorous, strenuous, prompt, quick, rapid; str&e-long;nuus :-- Swift wæs on fóre, fuglum frumra it was swift in its course, more rapid than birds, Exon. 113 b; Th. 434, 21; Rä. 52, 4. v. from.

FRUM; def. se fruma; adj. Original, primitive, first; n&a-long;t&i-long;vus, pr&i-long;m&i-short;t&i-long;vus, pr&i-long;mus :-- Frum, in composition, is used with the preceding meanings :-- On ðære fruman gecynde in the original nature, Bt. 30, 2; Fox 110, 14. Ðone fruman sceaft geþencan to remember the first creation, Bt. 30, 2; Fox 110, 17, 21. Fr&u-long;mes primæ, Rtl. 35, 13. Æt fruman at first [cf. æt æ-acute;restan], H. R. 103, 34. [Laym. frum first: Goth. fruma the first: Icel. frum- the first: Lat. pr&i-long;mus the first.]

FRUMA, an; m. [frum primitive, first]. I. a beginning, commencement, origin; princ&i-short;pium, in&i-short;tium, &o-short;rigo, pr&i-long;mordium, exordium :-- Hí sendon æ-acute;rendgewrit, wæs se fruma ðus awriten mittunt epist&o-short;lam, c&u-long;jus hoc princ&i-short;pium est, Bd. 1, 13; S. 481, 41: 4, 17; S. 585, 17: Ps. Spl. 118, 160: Cd. 1; Th. i. 10; Gen. 5: Exon. 44 b; Th. 151, 15; Gú. 795: Beo. Th. 4608; B. 2309. Ðú eart ealra þinga fruma and ende thou [God] art the beginning and end of all things, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 36: Bt. Met. Fox 20, 549; Met. 20, 275: Andr. Reed. 1116; An. 556. On fruman wæs word in princ&i-short;pio &e-short;rat verbum, Jn. Bos. 1, 1: 6, 64: Mt. Bos. 19, 4: Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 5: 1, 27; S. 489, 13: 4, 17: S. 586, 12: Ps. Spl. C. 73, 2: 76, 11: 101, 26: Boutr. Scrd. 17, 14: Cd. 174; Th. 218, 7; Dan. 35: Exon. 69 b; Th. 258, 33; Jul. 274; Bt. Met. Fox 17, 25; Met. 17, 13. Fram fruman gesceafte ab in&i-short;tio cre&a-long;t&u-long;ræ, Mk. Bos. 10, 6: Chr. 655; Erl. 28, 2: Bt. 33, 4; Fox 128, 7: Exon. 25 a; Th. 73, 20; Cri. 1192: Elen. Kmbl. 2282; El. 1142: Andr. Kmbl. 2969; An. 1487: Ps. Th. 92, 3: 98, 4. Song he be fruman moncynnes c&a-short;n&e-long;bat de or&i-long;g&i-short;ne h&u-long;m&a-long;ni g&e-short;n&e-short;ris, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 10: 1, 15; S. 483, 21. Ealle men hæfdon gelícne fruman all men had a like beginning, Bt. 30, 2; Fox 110, 8: Cd. 64; Th. 77, 19; Gen. 1377. Of ðæs strýnde monigra mæ-acute;gþa cyningcynn fruman læ-acute;dde de c&u-long;jus stirpe mult&a-long;rum provinci&a-long;rum r&e-long;gium g&e-short;nus or&i-long;g&i-short;nem duxit, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 31. Of ðam ða fruman aweallaþ Deorwentan streámes de quo Deruenti&o-long;nis fl&u-short;vii pr&i-long;mordia erumpunt, 4, 29; S. 607, 10. Hie sealdon heora wæstma fruman they should give their first-fruits, Blickl. Homl. 41, 5. To ðæ-acute;m frummum ad initia Mt. Kmbl. p. 1, 5. II. an originator, author, founder, inventor; auctor, inventor :-- God is fruma eallra gesceafta God is the author of all creatures, Bt. Met. Fox 29, 161; Met. 29, 81. Sigores fruma the Lord of triumph, Exon. 12 a; Th. 19, 2; Cri. 294. Fyrnweorca Fruma the Author of deeds of old, 16 a; Th. 36, 20; Cri. 579: Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 15; Edg. 41: Elen. Kmbl. 1583; El. 793. Ealre synne fruma the author of all sin, Elen. Kmbl. 1540; El. 772: Salm. Kmbl. 887; Sal. 443. Tubal Cain sulhgeweorces fruma wæs Tubal Cain was inventor of plough-work, Cd. 52; Th. 66, 20; Gen. 1087. Hie leahtra fruman lárum ne hýrdon they obeyed not the doctrines of the author of crimes, Elen. Kmbl. 1674; El. 839. Ðæt dú onsægde synna fruman that thou shouldest sacrifice to the author of crimes, Exon. 71 a; Th. 264, 10; Jul. 362. Gif hí [MS. he] ne þiówedon hiora fruman if they served not their author, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 234, 31: Exon. 8 b; Th. 3, 31; Cri. 44. III. a chief, prince, ruler, king; pr&o-short;cer, princeps, rex :-- Burgwarena fruma chief of citizens, Exon. 86 a; Th. 324, 6; Wíd. 90. Filistina fruma prince of the Philistines, Salm. Kmbl. 555, 561; Sal. 277, 280. Herga fruma ruler of hosts, Exon. 20 a; Th. 53, 4; Cri. 845. Ealles folces fruma prince of all people, 120 a; Th. 461, 2; Hö. 29. Upengla iruma prince of archangels, Andr. Kmbl. 451; An. 226. Se fruma David the king David, Ps. C. 50, 20; Ps. Grn. ii. 277, 20. Melchisedec com fyrdrinca fruman grétan Melchizedec came to greet the chief of warriors, Cd. 97; Th. 127, 1; Gen. 2104: Ps. Th. 112, 7. Hie ahéngon herga Fruman they hung up the Prince of hosts, Elen. Kmbl. 419; El. 210. [Laym. frume beginning: Goth. frums, m. beginning.] DER. dæ-acute;d-fruma, eád-, gúþ-, hild-, land-, leód-, leóht-, líf-, ord-, þiód-, tír-, wíg-.

frum-bearn, es; n. A firstborn; primog&e-short;n&i-short;tus :-- Frumbearn Godes the firstborn of God, Cd. 223; Th. 294, 13; Sat. 470: Exon. 48 a; Th. 166, 17; Gú. 1044. Frumbearnes riht the firstborn's right, Cd. 160; Th. 199, 13; Exod. 338. Ic ðone [ðonne MS.] frumbearn forþasette ego primog&e-short;n&i-short;tum p&o-long;nam illum, Ps. Th. 88, 24.

frum-byrd, e; f. Birth, nativity :-- On mínre frumbyrde dæiæge on the day of my birth, Th. Chart. 369, 9.

frum-byrdling, es; m. P&u-long;be t&e-short;nus, Ælfc. Gl. 88; Som. 74, 70; Wrt. Voc. 50, 50. [Frumberdlinges youths, O. E. Homl. 2nd series, p. 41.]

frum-cend, e; f. Origin :-- Fr&u-long;mes fr&u-long;mcende (?) primæ originis, Rtl. 35. 13.

frum-cenned, -cend; def. se -cenneda; part. I. first-begotten, firstborn; primog&e-short;n&i-short;tus :-- Ðæt wæs se frumcenneda that was the firstborn, Homl. Th. ii. 194, 9. He ofslóh æ-acute;lc þing frumcendes on lande percussit omne primog&e-short;n&i-short;tum in terra, Ps. Lamb. 77, 51: 104, 36. Ic frumcendne gesette hine ego primog&e-short;n&i-short;tum p&o-long;nam illum, 88, 28. He ofslóh æ-acute;lc frumcenned cyld percussit omne primog&e-short;n&i-short;tum, Ps. Spl. 77, 56. Óþ-ðæt heó cende hyre frumcennedan sunu d&o-short;nec p&e-short;p&e-short;rit f&i-long;lium suum primog&e-short;n&i-short;tum, Mt. Bos. 1. 25: Lk. Bos. 2, 7. Ðe on ðæm lande frumcennede wæ-acute;ron who were firstborn in the land, Ors. 1, 7; Bos. 30, 5. He ætbræd me míne frumcennedan primog&e-short;n&i-short;ta mea t&u-short;lit, Gen. 27, 36. Frumcendo primitiæ, Rtl. 2, 27. II. in grammar, primitive; prim&i-short;t&i-long;vus :-- Sume naman sind prim&i-short;t&i-long;va, ðæt sind frumcennede oððe fyrmyste some noums are prim&i-short;t&i-long;va, which are primitive or original, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Som. 4, 7. Hí synd sume prim&i-short;t&i-long;va, ðæt synd frumcennede some of them [pronouns] are prim&i-short;t&i-long;va., that is primitive, 15; Som. 17, 32, 33. Frumcynned primitivus, Hpt. Gl. 448.

frum-cneow, es; n. A first generation; prim&i-short;t&i-long;va gen&e-short;r&a-long;tio :-- Noe hæfde frumcneów gehwæs, fæder and móder tuddorteóndra. Noah had the first generation of each of [those] producing offspring, father and mother, Cd. 161; Th. 201, 12; Exod. 371. v. cneow II.

frum-cyn, -cynn, es; n. I. original kind, lineage, descent, origin; pros&a-long;pia, &o-short;r&i-long;go :-- Ða ðe mæ-acute;gburge mæ-acute;st gefrunon, frumcyn feora those who most understood kinship, the lineage of men, Cd. 161; Th. 200, 23; Exod. 361. Ic eówer sceal frumcyn witan I must know your origin, Beo. Th. 509; B. 252. II. a race, tribe; g&e-short;nus, gens :-- Ðæt he ahredde frumcyn fira that he saved the race of men,