This is page 489 of An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary by Bosworth and Toller (1898)

This online edition was created by the Germanic Lexicon Project. Click here to go to the main page about Bosworth/Toller. (You can download the entire dictionary from that page.) Click here to volunteer to correct a page of this dictionary. Click here to search the dictionary. This page was generated on 30 Mar 2019. The individual pages are regenerated once a week to reflect the previous week's worth of corrections, which are performed and uploaded by volunteers. The copyright on this dictionary is expired. You are welcome to copy the data below, post it on other web sites, create derived works, or use the data in any other way you please. As a courtesy, please credit the Germanic Lexicon Project.

GRÉTAN - GRIMSUNG

grétan, he grét, pl. grétaþ; p. grétte, pl. grétton; pp. gréted. I. to approach, come to, visit, touch, attack, treat or use in any way, know carnally; appropinquare, adire, visitare, tangere, hostiliter aggredi, afficere, cognoscere :-- Ðú wyrmas gyt gífre grétaþ the greedy worms yet come to thee, Exon. 100 a; Th. 375, 14; Seel. 138. Ðonne hine engel grétte when the angel visited him, 37 b; Th. 123, 25; Gú. 328. Nó he ðone gifstól grétan móste he might not touch the throne [gift-seat], Beo. Th. 339; B. 168. Sum mid hondum nsæg hearpan grétan one may touch the harp with hands, Exon. 79 a; Th. 296, 11; Crä. 49. Siððan wæs eallum ðám óðrum swá mycel ege fram him, ðæ-acute;t hí hine grétan ne dorstan afterwards the others were in so much fear of him, that they durst not attack him, Ors. 5, 2; Bos. 102, 3. On sceortne -as geendiaþ grécisce naman ac we ne grétaþ nú ða Greek nouns end in short -as, but we shall not treat them now, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 24; Som. 10, 57. Se dæ-acute;l se ðæt flód ne grétte the part that the water did not touch, 1, 3; Bos. 27, 29. Gomen-wudu gréted wæs the glee-wood was touched, Beo. Th. 2134; B. 1065. Ðæt he ne grétte goldweard ðone that he should not assail that gold-ward [that dragon], Beo. Th. 6154; B. 3081: Bd. 3, 11; S. 536, 41. Gif ðe æ-acute;nig mid weán gréteþ if any one entreat thee evil, Cd. 83; Th. 105, 18; Gen. 1755. He ne grétte hí non cognoscebat eam, Mt. Bos. 1, 25. II. to speak to, call upon, hail, greet, welcome, salute, take leave of, bid farewell to; alloqui, invocare, ciere, salutare, lætari de, valedicere :-- Gomol eówic grétan hét the aged [prince] commanded to greet you, Beo. Th. 6182; B. 3095: Past. Pref. Swt. 3, 1; Hat. MS. Ælfríc munuc grét Æðelwærd ealdorman Ælfric the monk greets alderman Ethelward, Pref. Thw. 1, 1. Ðonne he on gaton gréteþ his grame feondas cum loquetur inimicis suis in porta, Ps. Th. 126, 6. Gif man mannan mid bismær wordum scandlíce gréte if a man address another shamefully with abusive words, L. H. E. 11; Th. i. 32, 5. Hý grétte blíðum wordum he addressed her with kind words, Exon. 68 a; Th. 252, 17; Jul. 164. His God grétte addressed his God, Andr. Kmbl. 2059; An. 1032. Ongunnon hine grétan cæperunt salutare eum, Mk. Bos. 15, 18. Cwén grétte guman on healle the queen greeted the men in the hall, Beo. Th. 1232; B. 614. Wulfas hilde grétton the wolves hailed the battle, Cd. 151; Th. 189, 8; Exod. 181. Wác ne grétton in ðæt rinc-getæl the weak they welcomed not into that martial number, Cd. 154; Th. 192, 18; Exod. 233. Hróþgár grétte Beówulf Hrothgar took leave of Beowulf, Beo. Th. 1308; B. 652. [Orm. gretenn: Laym. græten to accost, greet; p. grætte: O. Sax. grótian: N. Frs. groetjen: O. Frs. gréta: N. Dut. groeten: N. Ger. grüszen: M. H. Ger. grüezen: O. H. Ger. gruo&yogh;an.] DER. ge-grétan.

gréting, e; f. A greeting, salutation, present in acknowledgment of a favour done; salutatio :-- Hwæt seó gréting wæ-acute;re qualis esset ista salutatio, Lk. Bos. 1, 29. Ðínre grétinge stefn vox salutations tuæ, 1, 44. Lufiaþ grétinga on stræ-acute;tum diligitis salutationes in foro, 11, 43. Pápa sende Eádwine grétinge the pope sent to Edwin greeting, Bd. 2, 10; S. 512, 20. Sendaþ mín heáfod án to grétinge and bringaþ mínre méder ðæt heó ðæt cysse send my head only in greeting and bring it to my mother that she may kiss it, Shrn. 139, 28. Ðá brohte seó sce damiane medmicle grétinge gewritu secgaþ ðæt ðæt wæ-acute;re þreó ægero then she brought St. Damian a slight acknowledgment; books say that it was three eggs, 135, 17, 23.

gretta. v. gryt.

gríg-hund a greyhound, Cot. 173, Lye.

grillan; p. de To provoke, offend :-- Hie willaþ grillan [griellan, Hat. MS.] óðre men they like to provoke other men, Past. 40, 4; Swt. 292, 19; MS. Cot. [A. R. gruellen to make sad: O. E. Homl. igruld, 2, 259, 30; and see other instances in Stratmann: cf. Icel. grellskapr spite: Ger. groll rancour.]

GRIM; adj. Sharp, bitter, severe, fell, fierce, dire, savage, cruel, GRIM, horrible; acer, immanis, sævus, crudelis, atrox, dirus :-- He him æt his ende grim geweorþeþ and hine gelæ-acute;deþ on éce forwyrd he [the devil] will become cruel to him at his end, and will lead him into eternal perdition, Blickl. Homl. 25, 13: Cd. 184; Th. 230, 8; Dan. 230. Ðæt wæs grim cyning that was a fierce king, Exon. 100 b; Th. 378, 29; Deór. 23. Grim and græ-acute;dig savage and greedy. Beo. Th. 242; B. 121. Mycel wól and grim acerba pestis, Bd. 1, 14; S. 482, 29. Se grimma wítedóm dira præsagia, 3, 14; S. 541, 9. Wæs se winter to ðæs grim ðæt manig man his feorh for cýle gesealde the winter was so severe that many a man lost his life with the cold, Blickl. Homl. 213, 31: Chr. 1005; Erl. 139, 37. Mid grimmun gefeohte with severe fighting, 5, 3: Byrht. Th. 133, 36; By. 61. On ðam grimmun dæge dómes ðæs miclan on the terrible day of the great doom, Exon. 25 b; Th. 74, 12; Cri. 1205. Ðæt wæter wæs biterre and grimre to drincanne ðonne ic æ-acute;fre æ-acute;nig óðer bergde amariorem elleboro fuminis aquam gustavi, Nar. 8, 29. Cýle ðone grimmestan the most severe cold, Blickl. Homl. 61, 35. Ðeáh ðú wæ-acute;re wyrmcynna ðæt grimmeste though thou hadst been of serpents the fiercest, Soul Kmbl. 167; Seel. 83. [O. Sax. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. grim acerbus, austerus, atrox, sævus, ferus: Icel. grimmr: Ger. grimm.]

gríma, an; m. I. a mask, visor, helmet :-- Gylden gríma a golden helm, Elen. Kmbl. 249; El. 125, Gríma a mask, Gl. Mett. 504. He míne sáwle swylce gehealde wið ehtendra egsan gríman ut salvam faceret a persequentibus animam meam, Ps. Th. 108, 30. [Icel. gríma a sort of hood or cowl.] See Grmm. D. M. 218-9. DER. beadu-, here-gríma. II. a spectre; larva :-- Mec mæg gríma abrégan a spectre can terrify me, Exon. 1l0 b; Th. 423, 7; Rä. 41, 17. v. eges-gríma

in Appendix.

grimena, grimenæ a caterpillar; bruchus, Ps. Spl. T. 104, 32.

grimetan, grymetan, grimetian; p. ode, ede To rage, roar, make a loud noise, grunt; fremere, rugire, grunnire :-- Synfull tóþum torn þolaþ teónum grimetaþ peccator dentibus suis fremet, Ps. 111, 9. Grimme grymetaþ fiercely roars, Exon. 128 a; Th. 491, 22; Rä. 81, 3. León-hwelpas grymetigaþ catuli leonum rugientes, Ps. Th. 103, 20. Ðá awédde he and grymetede he went mad and cried aloud, Th. Anal. 125, 8: Ps. Spl. 37, 8. Ecg grymetode loud rang the blade [as it was drawn from the sheath], Cd. 162; Th. 203, 24; Exon. 408. He gristbitade and grymetade he gnashed his teeth and raged, Exon. 74 b; Th. 278, 15; Jul. 598. Sume sceoldan bión eaforas and ðonne hí sceoldan hiora sár siófian ðonne grymetodan hí some had to be boars and when they should lament their misfortune then they grunted, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 35. Grymetedon, Bt. Met. Fox 26, 163; Met. 26, 81. Forhwon grymetedon þeóda quare fremuerunt gentes? Ps. Spl. C. T. 2, 1. Grymetigan to roar, Bt. Met. Fox 13, 58; Met. 13, 29. Fíf manna sáwla hreówlíce gnorniende and grimetende five men's souls miserably wailing and crying out, Homl. Th. ii. 350, 28. Grimetende rugientes, Ps. Spl. 103, 22. Swíðe grymetende cum ingenti murmure, Nar. 14, 27. Brim grymetende the roaring ocean, Exon. 95 b; Th. 356, 6; Pa. 7. Swá grymetigende leó as a roaring lion, Guthl. 4; Gdwin. 26, 22. v. gremettan.

grimetung, grymetung, e; f. Raging, roaring, grunting, loud noise; murmur, fremitus, rugitus :-- Swýnes grymetunge swine's grunting, Guthl. 8; Gdwin. 48, 3: 46, 20. Leóna grymetunge roaring of lions, Shrn. 50, 9.

grím-helm, es; m. A helmet with a visor; galea larvata, Cd. 151; Th. 188, 27; Exod. 174: 160; Th. 198, 29; Exod. 330: Elen. Kmbl. 516; El. 258: Beo. Th. 674; B. 334. See Grmm. A. E. xxviii; and gríma.

gríming witchcraft; veneficium, Som.

grimlíc; adj. Grim, fierce, cruel, sharp, severe, bloody; atrox, dirus, cruentus, crudelis :-- Ðone grimlícan gársecg the fierce ocean, Homl. Th. i. 454, 15. Hit wyrþ ðonne egeslíc and grimlíc things will then become awful and terrible, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 104, 5. Ða Crétense hæfdon ðone grimlecan sige cruentiorem victoriam Cretenses exercuerunt, Ors. 1, 9; Swt. 42, 28. Se légdraca grimlíc gryre the fire-drake, that fierce horror, Beo. Th. 6074; B. 3041. Ða gewin wæ-acute;ron grimlícran ðonne hý nú sýn struggles were more bloodthirsty than they now are; quod crudelius graviusque erat quam nunc est, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 30, 23.

grimlíce; adv. Fiercely, severely, cruelly :-- Ðám mannum sceolan ða déman grimlíce stýran those men must the judges severely restrain, Blickl. Homl. 63, 15, Oft hí grimlíce Godes costodan tentaverunt Deum, Ps. Th. 77, 41. Spreceþ grimlíce speaketh fiercely, Soul Kmbl. 31; Seel. 16: Exon. 22 b; Th. 62, 19; Cri. 100, 4.

grimman, ic grimme, ðú grimst, he grimmeþ, grimþ, pl. grimmaþ; p. gram, grom, pl. grummon; pp. grummen. I. to rage, roar, make a loud noise; fremere :-- Ðú hie grimman meaht gehýran thou mayest hear it [hell] rage, Cd. 37; Th. 49, 17; Gen. 793. Hwæl-mere hlúde grimmeþ the whale-mere [the sea] rages loudly, Exon. 101 a; Th. 382, 3; Rä. 3, 5. [Cf. O. Sax. grimmid the gróto séo.] II. to run with haste, hasten; properare, currere, festinare :-- Gúþmóde grummon the warlike of mind hastened, Beo. Th. 617; B. 306. [So Grein translates the verb, but may not the word be taken more nearly in the sense of the preceding passages 'loud and fierce was their shout?']

grimme; adv. Grimly, fiercely :-- Hý him æfter ðæm grimme forguldon ðone wígeræft ðe hý æt him geleornodon they afterwards gave him grim requital for the military skill they learnt from him, Ors. 1, 2; Bos. 26, 30: Cd. 64; Th. 77, 15; Gen. 1275: 183; Th. 229, 2; Dan. 211: Beo. Th. 6017 ; B. 3012.

grimnes, se; f. GRIMNESS, severity, fierceness, cruelty; ferocitas, atrocitas :-- Se deófol wile hit him mid grimnesse and mid yfele eall forgyldan the devil will requite it all to him with cruelty and with evil, Blickl. Homl. 55, 24. Hí sceoldan ðæ-acute;m unriht-dóndum mid grimnesse stéran they should restrain with severity all evil-doers, 63, 12. On grimnesse in exacerbatione, Ps. Th. 94, 9. Cwæ-acute;don to gúðlíce mid grimnysse fiercely they [evil spirits] spoke to Guthlac, Exon. 41 a; Th. 136, 33: Gú. 550. [Prompt. Parv. grymnesse austeritas, rigor, horror, horribilitas.]

grimsian; p. ede To be fierce, cruel, to rage; sævire :-- Ðá ðara treówleásra cyninga beboda wið cristenum monnum grimsedon cum perfidorum principum mandata adversum Christianos sævirent, Bd. 1, 7; S. 476, 36. He grimsigende forleás sæviens disperderet, 3, 1; S. 523, 29. Wól mid grimme wæle lange feor and wíde grimsigende pestilentia acerba clade diutius longe lateque desæviens, 27; S. 558, 15: 4, 25; S. 601, 20.

grimsung, e; f. Fierceness, roughness :-- Mid ungemetlícre grimsunge multa asperitate, Past. 17, 11; Swt. 125, 14; Hat. MS.