This is page 599 of An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary by Bosworth and Toller (1898)

This online edition was created by the Germanic Lexicon Project. Click here to go to the main page about Bosworth/Toller. (You can download the entire dictionary from that page.) Click here to volunteer to correct a page of this dictionary. Click here to search the dictionary. This page was generated on 30 Mar 2019. The individual pages are regenerated once a week to reflect the previous week's worth of corrections, which are performed and uploaded by volunteers. The copyright on this dictionary is expired. You are welcome to copy the data below, post it on other web sites, create derived works, or use the data in any other way you please. As a courtesy, please credit the Germanic Lexicon Project.

IRFE-STÓL - IRNAN

irfe-stól, es; m. An hereditary seat :-- Se burgstede, eádges yrfestól, Exon. 52 a; Th. 181, 14; Gú. 1293. Eafora chuses yrfestóle weóld, Cd. 79; Th. 98, 13; Gen. 1629. Ne þearf ic yrfestól eaforan bytlian æ-acute;negum mínra ... ne sealdest ðú mé sunu I need not build an hereditary seat for any descendant of mine. .. thou hast not given me a son, 99; Th. 131, 14; Gen. 2176.

irfe-weard, es; m. The guardian of an inheritance, an heir, possessor of a property :-- Hér ys se yrfeweard [erfuard, Lind : erfeword, Rush.] hic est heres, Lk. Skt. 20, 14. Ðæ-acute;r mé gifeðe æ-acute;nig yrfeweard æfter wurde if any heir to follow me had been granted me, Beo. Th. 5455 ; B. 2731 : Cd. 83; Th. 103, 33 ; Gen. 1727. Óðres ne gýmeþ tó gebídanne yrfeweardas cares not to await another heir, Beo. Th. 4897; B. 2453. Wæs swá mycel mancwealm ðæt manige land binnan ðære byrig wæ-acute;ran bútan æ-acute;lcum yrfewearde there was so great a pestilence that many lands within the city were without any to inherit them, Ors. 5, 2; Bos. 102, 13. Ús is swíðe uncúþ hwæt úre yrfeweardas and lástweardas dón willon æfter úrum lífe we are very ignorant of what our heirs and successors will do after our life, Blickl. Homl. 51, 35. Ða ðe God bletsiaþ beóþ eorþan yrfeweardas benedicentes eum possidebunt terram, Ps. Th. 36, 21. Geréfa mín mynteþ ðæt mé æfter síe eaforan síne yrfeweardas my steward supposes that after me his children shall be heirs, Cd. 100 ; Th. 131, 29; Gen. 2183. Hwæðer freá wille æ-acute;nigne ðé yrfewearda on woruld læ-acute;tan, 101; Th. 134, 26; Gen. 2230. Ða sylfan wilniaþ him tó yrfeweardum tó habbanne ipsos habere heredes quærunt, Bd. 1, 27; S. 490, 18. Ic landes sumne dæ-acute;l sumum wífe hiere dæg forgæaf and æfter hiere dæge twám yrfeweardum I granted a certain portion of land to a certain woman for her life, and after her death to be held for two other lives, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 5, 10. See i. xxxiv. Forlét hé ðæs hwílenlecan ríces yrfeweardas his suna þrý tres suos filios regni temporalis heredes reliquit, Bd. 2, 5 ; S. 507, 8. [Gen. and Ex. er(f)ward : O. Sax. er&b-bar;i-ward : Icel. (poët.) arf-vörðr an heir.]

irfe-, irf-weardness, e; f. An inheritance :-- Yrfeweardnes hereditas, Ælfc. Gl. 13; Sons. 57, 95; Wrt. Voc. 20, 36. Drihtnes dæ-acute;l wæs his folc and Iacob his yrfeweardnis pars domini populus ejus, Jacob funiculus hereditatis ejus, Deut- 32, 9. God cwæþ ðæt hé sylf wæ-acute;re heora yrfweardnyss, Homl. Th. ii. 224, 7. Ðonne biþ úre seó yrfeweardnes nostra erit hereditas, Mk. Skt. 12, 7.

irfe-, irf-weardian; p. ode To inherit, possess an inheritance :-- Ðú yrfweardast on eallum þeódum tu hæreditabis in omnibus gentibus, Ps. Spl. 81, 7. Hí yrfweardiaþ eorþan hæreditabunt terram, 36, 11. Ðæt ðú yrfweardige eorþan, 36. DER. be-irfeweardian.

irfeweard-wrítere, es; m. One who spectfies his heir in writing, a testator :-- Yrfeweardwrítere legatarius, Ælfc. Gl. 13; Som. 57, 99; Wrt. Voc. 20, 39.

irfe-wrítend, es ; m. One who writes concerning the disposition of his property, one who makes a will :-- Yrfewrítend testator, Ælfc. Gl. 13; Som. 57, 100; Wrt. Voc. 20, 40.

irf-. v. irfe-.

irgþ, e : irgþu, irgþo ; indecl ; f. Sluggishness, cowardice, timorousness, pusillanimity :-- Wé witon georne ðæt hie for iergþe náðer ne durran ne swá feor friþ gesécan ne furþon hie selfe æt hám hie werian we know well that they from cowardice dare neither seek peace at such a distance, nor even defend themselves at home, Ors. 3, 9 ; Swt. 136, 28. For eówre forhtnysse and yrhþe ðe eów eglaþ propter cordis tui formidinem, qua terreberis, Deut. 28, 67. Se man ðe ætfleó fram his hláforde oððe fram his geféran for his yrhþe sý hit on scipfyrde sý hit on landfyrde þolige ealles ðæs ðe hé áge and his ágenes feores the man that flies from his lord, or from his comrade, from cowardice, be it on an expedition by sea or by land, let him lose all that he owns and his own life, L. C. S. 78; Th. i. 420, 8. Ðá héton hí secgan ðysses landes wæstmbæ-acute;rnysse and Brytta yrgþo nunciatum est simul et insulæ fertilitas, ac segnitia Brittonum, Bd. 1; 15; S. 483, 15. Þurh lyðre yrhþe Godes bydela ðe clumedon mid ceaflum ðæ-acute;r hí scoldon clipian through the vile sluggishness of God's messengers, who mumbled with their mouths when they should have cried aloud, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 111, 202. [Laym. Arður, ærhðe bideled, 23546 : O. and N. he for arehþe hit ne forlete, 404: O. H. Ger. argida hebitudo, ignavia.] v. earg.

irhþ. v. irgþ.

Iringes weg via secta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 123, 50. v. Grmm. D. M. 332.

Ír-land, es; n. Ireland :-- Ðrie Scottas cuómon tó Ælfréde cyninge of Ýrlande, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 6, note. Tó Írlande, 918; Erl. 104, 15: 1051 ; Erl. 176, 18. Se preóst cwæþ ðæt án wer wæ-acute;re on Írlande gelæ-acute;red, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 101, 200. Hé férde geond eal Yrrland, Homl. Th. ii. 346, 28. v. Íra-land.

ir-líc; adj. Angry :-- Hé swíðe irlícum andwlitan beseah tó ðam iungan cnyhte he looked at the young man with a very angry countenance, Th. AP. 4, 6 : 5, 3.

irman; p. de To make miserable or wretched, to afflict, vex :-- Ðá ongunnan twá þeóda Pyhtas norþan and Scottas westan hí onwinnan and heora æ-acute;hta niman and hergian and hí fela geára yrmdon and hýndon then began two peoples, the Picts from the north, the Scots from the west, to attack them, and to take their possessions, and to harry, and afflicted and vexed them many years; Brittania denique subito duabus gentibus transmarinis vehementer sævis, Scottorum a circio, Pictorum ab aquilone, multos stupet gemitque per annos, Bd. 1, 12 ; S. 480, 24. Hé hæfde him tó gamene hú hé eorþcyningas yrmde and cwelmde he [Nero] made it his sport, how he could vex and torment the kings of this earth, Bt. Met. Fox 9, 94; Met. 9, 47. Ic mæg sleán and ierman míne heáfodgemæccan I can beat and vex my companions, Past. 17, 8 ; Swt. 121, 12. [Cf. O. H. Ger. ki-ermit uuerdemes aporiamur, Grff. i. 423.] v. for-, ge-yrman.

irmen, yrmen ; adj. A word occurring mostly as a prefix with the idea of greatness, universality. In the following passages it occurs independently :-- Faraþ geond ealne yrmenne grund go through the whole earth, Exon. 14 b; Th. 30, 18; Cri. 481. Ofer ealne yrmenne grund, 66 a ; Th. 213, 14; Jul. 10. [O. Sax. irmin- : Icel. jörmun-, e. g. jörmungrund the earth. See Grmm. D. M. 104-7 : 325, sqq.] . v. eormen-.

irmen-þeóde; pl. The peoples of the earth :-- Bringeþ Agustus yrmen-þeódum hláfmæssan dæg August brings Lammas day to all the nations of earth, Menol. Fox 276; Men. 139. [Cf. O. Sax. ik allun skal irmin-thiodun dómós adélian I shall judge all the nations of the world, Hel. 3316.]

irming, es ; m. A poor, mean, wretched, miserable person, a wretch :-- Ic eom ána forlæ-acute;ten yrming unicus et pauper sum ego, Ps. Th. 24, 14. Ic eom yrming and þearfa ego egenus et pauper sum, 39, 20. Ðú eart ðé godes yrming as to thee, thou art God's pauper, Exon. 36 b; Th. 118, 22; Gú. 243. Betere is ðé ðæt ðé sceamige nú hér beforan mé ánum yrmingce ðonne eft beforan Gode on ðam mycelan dóme melius est tibi nunc hic coram me solo misero pudefieri, quam posthac coram Deo in magno judicio, L. Ecg. C. prm ; Th, ii. 132, 20. Ðá ða iermingas ðe ðæ-acute;r tó láfe wurdon út of ðæ-acute;m holan crupon ðe heó on lutedan when the wretched people that remained crept out of the holes that they had lurked in, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 92, 29. Se ðe æ-acute;nigne ðissa ierminga besuícþ qui scandalizaverit unum de pusillis istis, Past. 2, 2 ; Swt. 30, 17. Ðæt is sió friþstów and sió frófor án eallra yrminga æfter ðissum weoruldgeswincum that alone is the asylum and the comfort of all the wretched after these labours in the world, Bt. Met. Fox 21, 33 ; Met. 21, 17. [Makede him erming þer he was er king, O. E. Homl. 2, 62 : Þu erming þu wrecche gost, O. and N. 1111 : Agag þe king, þu ært an ærming, Laym. 16690 : Icel. armingi a poor fellow, a wretch : O. H. Ger. arming pauper.] v. earming-, erming.

irmþ, e; irmþu, irmþo; indecl. f. Poverty, penury, misery, wretchedness, calamity, distress, disorder :-- Yrmþ miseria, Ælfc. Gr. 33 ; Som. 37, 24. Nis ðæ-acute;r on ðam londe yldu ne yrmþu in that land there is not age or misery, Exon. 56 b; Th. 201, 6; Ph. 52 : 64 b; Th. 238, 34; Ph. 614. Him gewearþ yrmþu tó ealdre upon them [Adam and Eve] came misery for ever, 73 a; Th. 272, 24; Jul. 504; 119 a; Th. 457, 15 ; Hy. 4, 84. Ne biþ him hyra yrmþu án tó wíte ac ðara óðerra eád tó sorgum nor alone shall their own misery be torment, but the bliss of the others shall be a grief, 26 b ; Th. 79, 19; Cri. 1293. For yrmþe unspédig[ra] propter miseriam inopum, Ps. Spl. 11, 5. Ðeós of hyre yrmþe eall ðæt heó hæfde sealde hæc de pænuria sua omnia quæ habuit misit, Mk. Skt. 12, 44. Ðonne sende hé him fultum þurh sumne déman ðe hí álísde of heora yrmþe then he sent them help by some judge, who released them from their misery, Ælfc. T. Grn. 6, 26. Wið ðæs migðan yrmþe for disorder of the urine, Herb. 163, 3; Lchdm. i. 292, 7. Ic ádreáh feala yrmþa ofer eorþan I suffered many miseries on earth, Andr. Kmbl. 1939; An. 972 : Exon. 26 b; Th. 78, 5; Cri.1269. Ic eom gefylled mid iermþum saturatus sum miseria, Past. 36, 5 ; Swt. 253, 8. Seðe hine fram swá monigum yrmþum and teónum generede qui se tot ac tantis calamitatibus ereptum, Bd. 2, 12; S. 514, 19. Ðæt hí ðám yrmþum á ne wiðstanden in miseriis non subsistent, Ps. Th. 139, 10. Gif hé ðære tíde yrmþo beswicode si temporis illius ærumnis exemptus, Bd. 2, 12; S. 512, 36. Ðus hí heora yrmþo árehton ita suas calamitates explicant, 1, 13; S. 481, 43. Ðisse worlde yrmþa the miseries of this world, Blickl. Homl. 61, 3. Yrmþo, 203, 20. Dreógan yrmþu bútan ende to suffer endless misery, Elen. Kmbl. 1902 ; El. 953. Ðú scealt écan ðíne yrmþu, Andr. Kmbl. 2767; An. 1386. Yrmþo, 2381; An. 1192. Ides yrmþe gemunde the woman remembered her misery, Beo. Th. 2523; B. 1259. Hé ða yrmþu oncyrde ðe wé æ-acute;r drugon he averted the miseries that before we suffered, Exon. 16 b; Th. 38, 29; Cri. 614. [O. E. Homl. ermðe poverty : Laym. ærmðe misery : O. H. Ger. armida paupertas, inopia, penuria.] v. ermþu, earmþu, eormþu, weoruld-irmþu.

irnan; p. arn, pl. urnon ; pp. urnen To run :-- Ic yrne cucurri, Ps. Spl. T. 118, 32. Seó eá Danai irnþ ðonan súþryhte the river Don runs thence due south, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 17. Æ-acute;springe irneþ wið his eardes, Bt. Met. Fox 5, 29; Met. 5, 15. Hé arn him sylf tó his hrýðera falde ipse ad armentum cucurrit, Gen. 18, 7. Ðonne orn hé eft inn tó ðæm temple ad templum recurrit, Past. 16, 3 ; Swt. 103, 4. Ðú urne mid him simul currebas cum eo, Ps. Th. 49, 19. Ðá urnon him tógénes twegen ðe hæfdon deófolseócnesse occurrerunt eí duo habentes dæmonia, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 28. Gangende ðyder urnon, Mk. Skt. 6, 33 : Jn. Skt. 20, 4. Tó ðam ylcan ryne ðe hié æ-acute;r urnon, Bt. 21 ; Fox 74, 12. Ðæt hí mæ-acute;gen iernan and fleón tó ðæs láreówes móde ut ad pastoris mentem recurrant, Past. 16. 4; Swt. 103, 22. Hé sceal yman forþ he must run forth, Exon. 128 b ; Th. 494, 9 ; Rä. 82, 5. Seó [eá] is irnende of norþdæ-acute;le, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 15. Ac hí forweorþan wætere gelícost ðonne hit yrnende eorþe forswelgeþ ad nihilum devenient, velut aqua decurrens, Ps. Th. 57, 6. Óþ ðæt wintra biþ þúsend urnen until a thousand years are passed, Exon. 61 a; Th. 223, 23 ; Ph. 364. DER. á-, be-, ge-, geond-, ofer-, on-, óþ-, tó-, þurh-, under-, up-, ymb-irnan. v. rinnan.