This is page 1050 of An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary by Bosworth and Toller (1898)

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ÞEÓD-SCIPE - ÞEÓF

þeód-scipe, es ; m. I. teaching, instruction :-- Ðeódscipe ðín hé mé læ-acute;rde disciplina tua ipsa me docebit, Ps. Surt. 17, 36. I a. instruction, being taught :-- Ðú fiódes ðeódscipe and ðú áwurpe word mín efter ðé odisti disciplinam et projecisti sermones meos post te, Ps. Surt. 40, 17. I b. testimony :-- Forebodan bið ðis godspell in ðeódscip &l-bar; cýðnise (in testimonium) allum cynnum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 14. II. what is taught or enjoined, a rule, regulation, law, injunction :-- Ðú him æ-acute;rest ne sealdest, æfter ðam apostolícan ðeódscipe, meolc drincan, Bd. 3, 5; S. 527, 33. II a. a collection of regulations, law, religion :-- Swá swá bí ðan ealdan ðeódscipe ða úttran weorc wæ-acute;ron behealden, swá on ðam níwan ðeódscype ... sicut in Testamento (v. I b) veteri exteriora opera observantur, ita in Testamento nova..., 1, 27; S. 494, 30. Ealle ða þing ðe hálige men writon on ealdum oþþe on neówum þeódscipe, Blickl. Homl. 133, 2. .vii. gebróðor geþrowedon deáþ for ðære ealdan æ-acute; bebode ... Ðá cwæþ se cniht (the seventh brother): 'Ic sylle mínne líchoman for ússa fædera ðeódscipe, swá míne bróþor dydon,' Shrn. 111, 20. Ic geseah manige góde and on Godes þeódscipe wel heora líf læ-acute;ddon alios fuisse narrabat verae religions cultores, Guthl. 17; Gdwin. 70, 24. Ðú hine þeódscipe dínne læ-acute;rest de lege tua docueris eum, Ps. Th. 93, 12. III. discipline, a disciplinary regulation :-- On strengo þeódscipes and þreá tó wlæc in disciplinae vigore tepidus, Bd. 1, 27; S. 492, 18. Æ-acute;fæstnia untrymnisse hire mægne ðeátscip[es] muniat infirmitatem suam robore discipline, Rtl. 110, 3. On reogollícne ðeódscipe observatione disciplinae regularis, Bd. 3, 3; S. 526, 9. Hé micele gýminge hæfde mynsterlícra ðeódscipa curam non modicam monasticis exhibebat disciplinis, 3,19; S. 547, 28. Reogollícum ðeódscipum underþeóded regularibus disciplinis subditus, 4, 24; S. 598, 21: 3, 19; S. 547, 20. In cyriclícum ðeódscipum and in mynsterlícum heálíce intimbred ecclesiasticis ac monasterialibus disciplinis summe instructus, 5, 8; S. 621, 34. Þætte ús fæstern giðii ðóhto úsra heofonlícum gilæ-acute;r ðeódscipum ut nobis jejunium proficiat, mentes nostras coelestibus instrue disciplinis, Rtl. 14, 28. On mynstrum hé leornade gástlíce ðeódscipas, Shrn. 50, 26. IV. (regular) custom, (proper) mode of conduct :-- Béte ðara æ-acute;ghwelc mid ryhte þeódscipe ge mid were ge mid wíte let him make amends for each in the regular way both with wer and with wíte, L. Alf. pol. 2; Th. i. 62, 4. Wæs Godes lof hafen þrymme micle óþ ðisne dæg mid þeódscipe (with proper observance? or among the people? v. þeódscipe a people), Exon. Th. 284, 10; Jul. 695. Hé wolde habban ða ðénunga ðeáwas and ðeódscipe tó læ-acute;ranne, Past. 17; Swt. 121, 18. Ða men, ðe bearn habban, læ-acute;ran hié ðám rihtne þeódscipe, and him tæ-acute;cean lífes weg and rihtne gang tó heófonum, Blickl. Homl. 109, 17. Fæderas ic læ-acute;rde, ðæt hié heora bearnum þone þeódscipe læ-acute;rdon Drihtnes egsan (fathers, bring up your children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, Eph. 6, 4), 185, 19. V. learning, knowledge, understanding :-- Nis in him ðiódscipe non est in eis disciplina; neither is there any understanding in them (Deut. 32, 28), Ps. Surt. ii. p. 194, 41. Nis nú fela folca ðætte fyrngewritu healdan wille, ac him hyge brosnaþ, ídlaþ þeódscype (or under IV?), Exon. Th. 304, 13; Fä. 69. Hé wæs on godcundlícan þeódscipe getýd and gelæ-acute;red (sacris litteris et monasticis disciplinis erudiebatur) ... Hé wæs twá geár on ðære leornunge, ðá hæfde hé his sealmas geleornode, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 18, 11, Ðú mé þeódscipe læ-acute;r dínne tilne and wísdómes word bonitatem et disciplinam et scientiam doce me, Ps. Th. 118, 66. Hé forget hine selfne and ða láre and ðone ðiódscipe ðe hé geliornode, Past. 50; Swt. 393, 17. Heó héht gefetigean forðsnotterne, and his láre geceás ðurh þeódscipe (on account of his learning? or with a view to learning? the Latin has: convocans virum disciplinatum), Elen. Kmbl. 2331; El. 1167.

þeód-stefn, es; m. A stock, people :-- Betere is tó geblídanne ánne dæg mid ðé, ðonne óðera on þeódstefnum þúsend mæ-acute;la, Ps. Th. 83, 10. Cf, leód-stefn.

þeód-þreá a great calamity :-- Hié wordum bæ-acute;don, ðæt him gástbona geoce gefremede wið þeódþreáum (the injuries inflicted by Grendel), Beo. Th. 358; B. 178. Cf. þeód-bealu.

þeód-weg, es; m. A highway :-- In þiódweg; æftær þiódwege, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 187, 30. On ðeódweg norð ofer ðone weg, 42, 30. [Icel. þjóð-vegr a high road.] Cf. þeód-herpaþ.

þeód-wíga, an; m. A mighty warrior :-- Se þeódwíga (the panther) ... ellenróf, Exon. Th. 357, 33; Pa. 38.

þeód-wita, an; m. I. one of the wise men of a nation, one whose knowledge fits him for a place in the councils of the nation, a senator :-- Senatores, ðæt synd þeódwitan, Jud. p. 161, 32. Ðá wæ-acute;ron þeódwitan (leód-, MS. H.) weorðscipes wyrðe, L. R. 1; Th. i. 190, 12. Be ðeódwitan. Cyningan and bisceopan, eorlan and heretogan, geréfan and déman, lárwitan and lahwitan gedafenaþ mid rihte ðæt hí ánræ-acute;de weorðan, L. I. P. 5; Th. ii. 308, 12. II. a man of great wisdom or learning, a sage :-- Wá eów ðe taliaþ eów sylfe tó ðeódwitan ve, qui sapientes estis carom oculis vestris, Wulfst. 46, 26. II a. used of a poet :-- Se þeódwita Virgilius, Anglia viii. 320, 30. Oft ða þeódwitan ðus heora meteruers gewurðiaþ, 332, 15. II b. used of a historian or philosopher or man of science :-- Án þeódwita wæs on Britta tídum, Gildas hátte, Wulfst. 166, 17. Manega þing wé mihton of þeódwitena gesetnysse geícean, Anglia viii. 321, 24. [Cf Icel. þjóð-skáld, -smiðr a great poet, craftsman.] Cf. leód-wita.

þeód-wrecan to avenge thoroughly, take great vengeance for :-- Grendles módor gegán wolde sorhfulue síð, sunu þeódwrecan (Ettmüller would read suna deáð wrecan; but perhaps the force of þeód- here and its composition with a verb may be illustrated by the case of full-, which is compounded with verbs, and has the force of per-; see the verbs in the Dictionary. The parallel between full- and þeód- might be further illustrated from compound adjectives in Icelandic, e.g. full-glaðr and þjóð-glaðr, full-góðr and þjóð-góðr), Beo. Th. 2561; B. 1278.

þeód-wundor, es; n. A great wonder, mighty miracle :-- Men geségon þeódwundor micel, ðætte eorðe ágeaf ða hyre on læ-acute;gun, Exon. Th. 71, 14; Cri. 1155.

þeóf, es; m. A thief [the secrecy implied by the word is marked in the following passage from the Laws dealing with injury done to a wood: Fýr biþ þeóf ... sió æsc biþ melda, nalles þeóf, L. In. 43; Th. i. 128, 19-23. Cf. Goth. þiubjó &epsilon-tonos;ν κρυπτω] :-- Þeóf fur, scaþa latro, Wrt. Voc. i. 74, 23. Gyf se hírédes ealdor wiste on hwylcere tíde se þeóf (ðeáf, Lind. fur) tówerd wæ-acute;re, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 43. Ealle ða ðe cómun wæ-acute;ron þeófas (ðeáfas, Lind.) and sceaþan (fures et latrones) ... Þeóf (ðeáf, Lind. fur) ne cymþ búton ðæt hé stele and sleá, Jn. Skt. 10, 8-10. Þeóf ðe on þýstre færeþ, on sweartre niht, Exon. Th. 54, 21; Cri. 872: 432, 10; Rä. 48, 4. Ðeóf sceal gangan in ðýstrum wederum, Menol. Fox 543; Gn. C. 42. Ðæ-acute;r þeófas (ðeáfas, Lind. fures) hit delfaþ and forstelaþ, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 19. On helle beóþ þeófas and gítseras ðe on mannum heora æ-acute;hta on wóh nimaþ, Blickl. Homl. 61, 21. Hér syndan rýperas and reáferas and woruldstrúderas and ðeófas and þeódscaðan, Wulfst. 165, 36. Þeófum grassatoribus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 40, 35. Ealle niht ic (the ox-herd) stande ofer ða oxan waciende for þeófan (propter fures), Coll. Monast. Th. 20, 29. ¶ The passage last cited suggests a state of society in which property was not very secure, and the suggestion seems borne out by the many passages, dealing with thieves, that are to be found in the Laws. Thieving was so far common, that the law enacted: Gif feorrancumen man oþþe fræmde búton wege gange, and hé ðonne náwðer ne hrýme, ne hé horn ne bláwe, for þeóf hé biþ tó prófianne, L. Wih. 28; Th. i. 42, 23: L. In. 20; Th. i. 114, 15; and on such a scale was it conducted that according to the numbers of the depredators acting together were different terms used of them: Ðeófas wé hátaþ óð .vii. men; from .vii. hlóð óð .xxxv.; siþþan biþ here, L. In. 13; Th. i. 110, 13. The frequency of this particular form of crime may also be inferred from the later enactment: Wé wyllaþ ðæt æ-acute;lc man ofer twelfwintre sylle ðone áð, ðæt hé nelle þeóf beón ne þeófes gewita, L. C. S. 21; Th. i. 388, 6. But far stronger measures than the exacting of such an oath were in force. The law made provision for the pursuit of thieves, L. Edg. H. 2; Th. i. 258, 6, and imposed penalties on those who, being summoned, or hearing the hue and cry, neglected to take part in the pursuit, 3; Th. i. 258, 14: L. C. S. 29; Th. i. 392, 17: while a reward was given to him who seized a thief: Se ðe þeóf geféhþ, hé áh .x. sci&l-bar;&l-bar;., L. In. 28; Th. i. 120, 5. To let a thief go, when caught, was a crime, L. In. 36; Th. i. 124, 14; so, also, to allow him, when discovered, to escape without raising hue and cry, L. C. S. 29; Th. i. 392, 14: to harbour a thief, except in those cases where the right of asylum might for three or nine days be extended to him, was to become liable to the fate of a thief, L. Ath. iii. 6; Th. i. 219, 6: iv. 4; Th. i. 224, 4: v. 1, 2; Th. i. 228, 21; to fight for him was equally penal, v. 1, 3; Th. i. 228, 23: v. 8, 3; Th. i. 236, 18. And the laws which affected the thief himself were very severe. Any one above the age of twelve, who was caught stealing property above the value of eight pence, was liable to capital punishment, L. Ath. i. 1; Th. i. 198, 15; according to other regulations, for a theft which, on conviction, rendered the thief liable to be slain, the limit of age was made fifteen years, L. Ath. v. 12, 1; Th. i. 240, 28, and the limit of value was twelve pence, L. Ath. v. 1, 1; Th. i. 228, 12: v. 12, 3; Th. i. 242, 8. The extreme penalty was not in all cases exacted; but in case of repeated conviction there was to be no remission, L. Ath. v. 1, 4; Th. i. 230, 3. Cf. too the passages: Geséce æ-acute;bera þeóf ðæt ðæt hé geséce, oððe se ðe on hláfordsearwe gemét sý, ðæt hí næ-acute;fre feorh ne gesécen, búton se cyningc him feorhgeneres unne, L. Edg. ii. 7; Th. i. 268, 22: L. C. S. 26; Th. i. 390, 27. Sý hé þeóf, and þolige heáfdes and ealles ðæs ðe hé áge, L. Edg. S. 11; Th. i. 276, 13. The kinds of death mentioned in L. Ath. iii. 6; Th. i. 219, are throwing from a rock or drowning in the case of a free woman; in the case of a servus homo, stoning by slaves; in that of a serva ancilla, burning. Further a thief who was taken in the act, or taken in flight, or who resisted, instead of being handed over to justice (on cyninges bende, L. In. 15; Th. i. 112, 4: se cyning áh ðone þeóf, 28; Th. i. 120, 6), might be slain without the intervention of the law, and the death called for no 'wergild,' L. Wih. 25; Th. i. 42, 13: L. In. 12; Th. i. 110, 7: 16; Th. i. 112, 7: 35; Th. i. 124, 6: L. Ath. i. 1; Th. i. 198, 20; and in cases of flight or resistance the fact that the value of the stolen property was less than twelve pence was to be no bar to the slaying, L. Ath. v. 12, 3; Th. i. 242, 10. He who struck down a thief in public was rewarded: Se ðe þeóf fylle beforan óðrum mannum, ðæt hé wæ-acute;re of úre ealra feó .xii. pæng ðe betera for ðære dæ-acute;da and ðon anginne, L. Ath. v. 7; Th. i. 234, 22. Short of death were the punishments of selling into slavery, of imprisonment, fine, and mutilation: Gif man frigne man æt hæbbendre handa gefó, ðanne wealde se cyning þreora ánes: oþþe hine man cwelle, oþþe ofer sæ-acute; selle, oþþe hine his wergelde álése, L. Wih. 26; Th. i. 42, 15. Gif þeóf sié gefongen, swelte hé deáðe oþþe his líf be his were man áliése, L. In. 12; Th. i. 110, 8. Gif man þeóf on carcerne gebringe, ðæt hé beó .xl. nihta on carcerne, and hine mon ðonne álýse út mid .cxx. sci&l-bar;&l-bar;., L. Ath. i. 1; Th. i. 198, 21. Cutting off the hand or foot of a 'cirlisc þeóf' is mentioned, L. In. 18; Th. i. 114, 5: 37; Th. i. 124, 20. The same punishment is mentioned, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 10; and in aggravated cases the more severe sentence was passed, that the eyes were to be put out, and the nose, ears, and upper lip to be cut off, ib. An instance of punishment for theft, in which the eyes were put out and the ears cut off after (wrongful) conviction is given, Homl. Skt. i. 21, 265. If the thief managed to escape, he was declared an outlaw: Beó se þeóf útlah wið eall folc, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 24. v. Grmm. R. A. 635 sqq.; Schmid, A. S. Gesetz. s. v. Diebstahl. [Goth. þiubs: O. Sax. thiof: O. Frs. thiaf: O. H. Ger. diob: Icel. þjófr.] v. beó-, gold-, mann-, mús-, regn-, sæ-acute;-, stód-, wergild-þeóf; infangene-þeóf; þífþ.