This is page 53 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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BAENGOÐR -- BAUGR. 53

barn-góðr, adj. fund of children.

barn-gælur, f. pl. lulling sounds, nursery rhymes, Fas. ii. 234.

barningr, m. [berja], thrashing, v. lamabarning: now, 'thrashing the

water, ' i. e. h a rd pulling against wind and tide.

barn-lauss, adj. childle s s. Eg. 318, Grág. i. 185, Landn. 1. 304, Hkr. i. 99.

barn-leikar, m. pl. child's play; leika barnleikum, of play-fellows, Bs.

i. 417, 473, Fms. vi. 403, Sturl. i. 62.

barn-leysi, n. the bein^- childless, Stj. 428, Mar. 656.

barn-ligr, adj. childish, Sks. 153.

barn-maðr, m. the bearer of a baby tobe christened; þar á at ala

likmenn ok barnmenn, Vm. 77.

barn-skikkja, u, f. a child's cloak, Sturl. iii. 278.

barn-skírn, f. the christening of infants, K. jþ. K. 14. barnskirnar-

orð, n. pl. formula in b., 655 xi.

barn-sæng, f. childbed, H. E. i. 492.

barn-teitr, adj. glad as a child, Hym. 2.

barn-ungr, adj. very young, youthful, Fms. ii. 98, Mirm. 31.

barn-úmagi, a, m. an orphan child, Grug. i. 305.

barn-úmegð, f. minority, Grug. 1. 305.

barn-æði, n. childishness, Fél. 12. 56, transl. of Iliad ix. 491.

barn-œska, u, f. childhood, Eg. 116, Grág. ii. 392, Fms. i. 4, x. 273;

bráð er b., the youth is impatient, a proverb, cp. Am. 75.

BARR, n. [Norse and Swed. barr means the needles of the fir or pine,

opp. to ' lauf' or leaves of the ash, eon; cp. barlind, taxus baccaia, and

barskógr, ' needle-wood, ' i. e. fir-wood, Ivar Aasen]. I. the needles

or spines of a fir-tree; the word is wrongly applied by Snorri, Edda II,

who speaks of the ' barr' of an ash; -- Icel. has no trees. In Hm. 50

(Norse poem ?) it is correctly used of a pine, hrörnar þöll er stendr þorpi

á, hlýrat henni börkr ne b., Hkv. Hjörv. 16, Edda 11. II. = barley,

[Scot, and North. E. bear, A. S. bere, is four-rowed barley, a coarse kind;

bigg in North. E. and Scot, is six-rowed barley, also a coarse kind: cp.

' the . B i gg-market, " a street in Newcastle-upon-Tyne: barlog, sweet wort,

made of barley, Ivar Aasen]; bygg heitir með mönnum, en barr með

goðum, me w c all it'bygg, ' but gods' bear, ' which shews that barr sounded

foreign, and that bygg was the common word, Alvm. 33; Edda (Gl.) 231

has b. under sáðsheiti, v. Lex. Poët. Common phrases in Icel., as bera

ekki sitt barr, of one who will never again bear leaves or flourish, metaph.

from a withered tree: so Persarum vigui rege bcatior is rendered, lifs

míns blómgaðra bar, en buðlungs Persa var, Snot 129. barlegr, adj.

vigorous,

barr, adj. read y (paratus), Jd. 13: strong, vigorous, Lex. Pout.

barr-haddaðr, adj. barley-haired, poet, epithet of the earth, Lex. Poët.

barri, a, m. a grove, Skm. 39.

bar-skeptr, adj. high-shafted, of an axe; breiðüx b., Bs. i. 658.

bar-skógr, m. needle-wood.

bar-smíð, f. thrashing, flogging, Bs. i. 792, Grág. i. 456: pl. fight,

row, lb. 12, Grág. ii. 114.

BARÚN, in. [for. word, mid. Lat. bar o; A. S. b eo rna s], a baron; heita

þeir hersar eðr lendir menn í Danskri tungu, greifar í Saxlandi, en bar-

ónar í Englandi, Edda 93, THom., Art.; the title was introduced into

Norway by king Magnus, A. 0. 1277, vide Ann. s-a-' Gþl-512. barúna-

nafn, n. the title o/'b., Ann. 1. c.

barúnia, u, f. a barony. THom. 36.

bar-viðr, m. the wood of the fir, D. N. (Fr.) iii. 473.

bar-viðri, n. a beating storm, Sturl. iii. 127.

basinn, m. [for. word], ba s i n xylinum, a tree, Edda (Gl.) ii. 256.

BASMIR, f. pl. an an. \ey. in a verse in Hervar. S. (Ed. 1847), p. 56;

bauð ek þér bróðir basmir óskerðar, fó ok fjöld meiðma; a dub. word,

cp. Germ, besem, Engl. besom; mod. Germ, be s en, North Germ, besemer,

Dan. bismer (Icel. reizla), which are all connected. Ivar Aasen records

a Norse word ba s m or basma; the Norse basm means twenty threads of

the warp (ba s m here means l oo m ?) :-- the Ed. in Fas. i. 207 gives a wrong

spelling óskir tvær (qs. óskertar), and skips the word basrnir.

bassi, a, m. a bear, Lex. Poët.

BAST, n.; besti (Vkv. 12) seems to be a dat. masc. from böstr; in

Germ, the word is freq. used masc.; the passage 1. c. is perh. to be restored

thus -- þeir er af létu besti (tiliae) byr sima (annulos), who did pull the

rings from the cord? (cp. v. 8); [Engl., A. S., and Germ, ba s t] :-- ba s t,

the inner bark of the lime-tree; bast at binda, Rm. 9; bast no band, Gþl.

386, N. G. L. i. 59; sá þeir á bast bauga drcgna, Vkv. 7.

basta, að, to bind intoa parcel, D. N. ii. 560 (Fr.), Fms. v. 301.

bastarðr, m. bastard, appears for the first time as the cognom. of

William the Conqueror. The etymon is dubious; Grimm suggests a

Scandinavian origin; but this is very doubtful; the word never occurs

in Scandinavian writers before the time of William, sounds very like

a foreign word, is rarely used, and hardly understood by common people

in Icel.; neither does it occur in A. S. nor O. H. G.; so that Adam of

Bremen says, iste Willelmus quem Franci bastardum vocant; whence

the word seems to come from some southern source; cp. the Játv. S. (Ed.

1852), and Fl. iii. 463 sqq.; the MS. Holm, spells bastarðr, the Fb. bast-

hardr. 2. name of a sword, Fms. vii. 297, referring to A. D. 1163. 3. a kind of cloth, in deeds of the I4th and 151:1 centuries,

Vm. 46, 136, D. N. ii. 165.

bastari, a, m. a bastbinder, D. N. ii. 246.

bast-bleikr, adj. pale as bast, Fms. vii. 269, v. 1.

bastl, n. turmoil; bastla, að, to turmoil.

bast-lína, u, f. a cord of bast, Eg. 579.

bast-taug, f. a tie or cord of bast, Eg. 579, v. I.

bast-vesall, adj. = bastbleikr, Karl. 167.

bast-öx, f., prob. a false reading, Fas. 11. 177, v-'• bátöx.

BATI, a, m. improvement, advantage, Fs. 155, Grett. 113 A, Fas. ii.

247, Grág. (Kb.) i. 160. bata-ván, f. hope of convalescence, recovery

of health, cp. Grág. I. e.; cp. also ábati, gain.

batna, að, [v. bati; Ulf. gabatnan] , to improve, get better, Nj. 52, Grág.

i. 206. 2. impers. medic, term; c-rn batnar, one recovers, Fms. iv.

369, v. 22; the disease is added in gen., e-m b. sins meins, sjúkleika,

sóttar, Bs. i. 343, Hkr. ii. 312, Eb. 280: at present also with nom.:

proverb, batnanda manni er bezt að lifa.

batnaðr, ar, m. improvement, 623. 15, 110111. 50, 134, Hkr. 11. 178:

convalescence, Grág. ii. 45.

batnan, f. id., Lex. Poët.

baug-bót, f. a law term, compensation (v. baugr II.), Grug. ii. 173.

baug-bœtandi, pl. -endr, part, a law term, / h os e who have to pay the

baugr (II.); opp. to baugþiggendr, the receivers, Grág. ii. 172.

baug-eiðr, m. theoath upon the sacred temple ring in heathen times;

b. Óðinn hygg ek at unnit hafi, hvat skal hans trygðum trúa, Hm. no;

cp. the phrase, vinna eið at baugi, v. baugr below; the baugeiðr of heathen

times answers to the Christian bókciðr and vinna eið at bók, to swear,

laying the band upon the Gospel.

baug-gildi, n. a law term, the ' weregild' to be paid to the ' agnates' of

the slain; opp. to nefgildi, the same amount to be paid to the 'cognates;'

defined, Grág. (Bt.) ii. 176, N. G. L. i. 186: metaph. agnatic relation-

ship, vera or b. eðr nefgildi, lifa í b. etc., to be an agnate or a cognate, id.

bauggildis-menn, in. pl. agnates who are bound to pay and receive the

bauggildi, Grág. ii. 180.

baug-gildingr, m. = bauggildismaðr, cp. nefgildingr, Grág. ii. 178.

baug-gildr, adj. payable, fit to pay as bauggildi, N. G. L. i. 176.

BAUGR, m. [the root bjiig -- bang -- bog; A. S. beág; O. ll. G. pottc

= armilla; lost in N. H. G. and in Engl.] I. a ring, armlet, esp.

in olden times to be worn on the wrist plain, without stones: o. the

sacred temple ring (stallahringr) on the altar in heathen temples; all oaths

were' to be made by laying the hand upon the temple ring; at sacrificial

banquets it was to be dipped in the blood, and was to be worn by the

priest at all meetings. The ring was either of gold or silver, open

(mótlaus), its weight varying between two, three, and twenty ounces (the

last is the reading of Eb. new Ed. p. 6, v. 1., the classical passages in the

Sagas are -- Eb. I. e. (and cp. 44), Glúm. 388, Landn. (Hb.) 258, þórð. S.

94 (Ed. 1860); cp. also the note at the end of the new Ed. of Eb., referring

to an interesting essay of the Norse Prof. Holmboe upon the matter,

Christiania, A. D. 1864. p. baugr is at present in Icel. used of a

spiral ring without a stone (e. g. a wedding ring); the third finger is

called baugfingr, transl. from Lat. digitus annuli, for the wearing of

wedding rings is not in use in Icel. (unless as a Dan. imitation). Icel.

also say einbaugr, tvibaugr, a single or double spiral ring. II.

metaph. in olden times, before minted gold or silver came into use, the

metals were rolled up in spiral-formed rings, and pieces cut off and

weighed were used as a medium of payment; hence, in old times,

baugr simply means money, used in the poets in numberless compounds;

hringum hreytti, hjó sundr baug, Rm. 35; cp. baugbroti, baugskyndir,

baugskati, baughati, one who breaks, throws, hates gold, epithets of princes,

etc., v. Lex. Poët. A. S. poetry abounds in epithets such as, beaggeafa,

dator awri; the Heliand speaks of ' vunden gold. ' In the law the pay-

ment of weregild is particularly called baugr, v. the compounds: baugatal

is the Icel. section of law treating of the weregild, Grág. ii. 171-188;

höfuôbaugr, lögbaugr (a le^ al bang, lawful payment). In the Norse

law vide esp. N. G. L. i. 74 sqq., 184 sqq. 2. the painted circle on the

round shield (clypeus); á fornum skjoldum var titt at skrifa rönd þá er

b. var kallaðr, ok er við þann baug skildir kendir, Edda 87, Eg. 699;

often embellished with scenes from the mythical age. Some poems arc

preserved or on record, describing such shields, two Berudrapur by Egil

(bera, a shield), Haustlong by Thjodolf, R. agnarsdrapa by Bragi Gamli

(of the 9th and loth centuries). Some of these poems were among the

chief sources used by Snorri in composing the Edda. The shield is metaph.

called baugr, Edda (Gl.) 3. afish-hook; man eigi þú draga Leviathan

á öngli eðr bora kiðr hans með baugi (very rare, if not an air. Ae-y.), Post.

686 C. ?. 4. the phrase, eiga (kost) a baugi, to have (a single) chance

left; þótti þat vera et mesta hætturáð at berjast, en sá mun á baugi, ef eigi

er szzt, there will be no other chance unless we come to terms, Sturl. iii. 244;

þii munt eiga slíkan á baugi bratt, th o?/ wilt soon have the very same chance

(viz. death), the turn will come to thee, Nj. 58; mi mun ek eiga þann á

baugi, at..., there will be no other chance for me, than ..., Orkn. 46; cp.

einbeygðr kostr, dira necessitas, 58; kvaðst þá lieldr vilja liggja