This is page 133 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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ERFISDRYKKJA -- ERTR. 133

37. COMPDS: erfis-drykkja, u, f. a funeral feast, Pass. 49. 16. erfis-görð, f. = erfi, Fms. xi. 69.

erfiða or erviða, að, [Goth. arbaidjan = GREEK; early Germ. erbeiten; mod. Germ. arbeiten; mod. Dan. arbeide is borrowed from Germ.] :-- to toil, labour, Edda 149 (pref.), 677. 11; allir þér sem erviðið og þunga eruð hlaðnir, Matth. xi. 28: metaph., e. e-m, to cause one toil and trouble, Bs. i. 726: trans., e. jörðina, to till the earth, Stj. 30: impers., sóttar-far hans erfiðaði, his illness grew worse, Fms. x. 147. In the Icel. N. T. it is sometimes used in the same passages which have arbaidjan in Ulf., e.g. heldr hefi eg miklu meir erfiðað en allir þeir aðrir, 1 Cor. xv. 10; öllum þeim sem styrkja til og erfiða, xvi. 16; að eg hafi til einskis erfiðað hjá yðr, Gal. iv. 11; heldr erfiði og afli með höndum, Ephes. iv. 28; hvar fyrir eg erfiða og stríði, Col. i. 29; þá sem erfiða meðal yðar, 1 Thess. v. 12; því at til þess hins sama erfiðum vér einnig, 1 Tim. iv. 10; in 2 Tim. ii. 6 the Icel. text has 'sá sem akrinn erjar.'

erfið-drægr, adj. difficult, Sturl. iii. 271.

erfiði or erviði (ærfaði, N. G. L. i. 391; ærfuð, id. I. 10), n. [Ulf. arbaiþs = GREEK; A. S. earfoð; O. H. G. arapeit; mod. Germ. arbeit, which shews that mod. Dan. arbeide and Swed. arbete are borrowed from the Germ.; lost in Engl. The etymology of this word is uncertain; the Icel. notion is to derive it from er- priv. and viða = vinna, to work, but it is scarcely right; Grimm, s.v. arbeit, suggests it to be akin to Lat. labor; Max Müller refers it to the root AR, to plough, Science of Language, p. 258, 3rd Ed.; but arfiði (Björn, p. 41) instead of erviði is a fictitious form, and the statement that in old Norse or Icel. it means ploughing rests only on a fancy of old Björn (Dict. l.c.), to which he was probably led by the similarity between Lat. arvum to Germ. and mod. Dan. arbeit, arbeide: in fact the Icel., ancient or modern, conveys no such notion; even in the old heathen poems the word is used exactly in the present sense, which again is the same as in Ulf.] :-- toil, labour, and metaph. toil, trouble; in the allit. phrase, e. en eigi eyrendi, toil but no errand, i.e. lost labour, Þkv. 10, 11, Hkv. Hjörv. 5; víl ok e., toil and trouble (of travelling), Hbl. 58, Skálda 163; kváðusk hafa haft mikit e. ok öngu á leið komið, Fms. v. 21, Post. 645. 58, Sks. 235, v.l., N. G. L. l.c. 2. metaph. distress, suffering; drýgja e., to 'dree' distress, Gm. 35 (heathen poem),--in N. G. L. i. 391 this phrase is used of a priest officiating; hungr, þorsti, e., Hom. 160: in pl., meðr mörgum erfiðum er á hana leggjask, Stj. 51: an old poet (Arnor) calls the heaven the erfiði of the dwarfs, vide dvergr. In the Icel. N. T. erfiði is often used in the very same passages as in Ulf., thus--yðvart e. er eigi ónýtt í Drottni, 1 Cor. xv. 58; í erfiði, í vökum, í föstu, 2 Cor. vi. 5; og hrósum oss eigi tram yfir mælingu í annarlegu erfiði, x. 15; og vort e. yrði til ónýtis, 1 Thess. iii. 5, cp. Ulf. l.c. β. medic. asthma, difficulty in breathing; brjóst-erfiði, heavy breathing. COMPDS: erfiðis-dauði, a, m. a painful, hard death, 655 xxxii. 17. erfiðis-laun, n. pl. a recompense for labour or suffering, Niðrst. 5, Fms. vi. 149, Barl. 95. erfiðis-léttir, m. a reliever of labour, Stj. 19. erfiðis-munir, m. pl. toils, exertion, Bárð. 180, Fas. i. 402, Fb. i. 280. erfiðis-nauð, f. servitude, grinding labour, Stj. 247, 265. erfiðis-samr, adj. toilsome, Stj. 32. erfiðis-semi, f. toil. erviðis-verk, n. hard work, Stj. 263, 264.

erfið-leiki, m. hardship, difficulty.

erfið-liga, adv. with pain and toil; er hann sótti e. til hans, he strove hard to get up to him, Edda 60; e-t horfir e., looks hard, Nj. 139; búa e. við e-n, to treat one harshly, Fas. ii. 96; at skipi þessu farisk e., that his ship will fare ill, make a bad voyage, vi. 376; varð mér þar erviðligast um, there I met with the greatest difficulties, Nj. 163.

erfið-ligr, adj. toilsome, difficult, adverse; margir hlutir e. ok þungligir, adverse and heavy, Fms. viii. 31, Sks. 235.

erfið-lífi, n. a life of toil, 655 viii. 2.

erfiðr, adj. toilsome, hard, difficult; ok var af því honum erfitt búit, a heavy, troublesome household, Bs. i. 63; erfiða ferð hafa þeir fengit oss, they have made a hard journey for us, Fms. v. 22; Guðrún var erfið á gripa-kaupum, G. was troublesome (extravagant) in buying finery, Ld. 134; e-m verðr e-t erfitt, one has a difficulty about the thing, Fms. vi. 54. β. hard, unyielding; var Flosi erfiðr, en aðrir þó erfiðri miklu, F. was hard, but others much harder, Nj. 186, 187; jarl var lengi erfiðr, the earl long remained inexorable, 271: ek var yðr þá erfiðr, 229. γ. hard breathing; ok er hann vaknaði var honum erfitt orðit, when he awoke he drew a deep breath, after a bad dream, Ísl. ii. 194; hvíldisk Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, H. rested, because he was exhausted (from walking), Dropl. 22; þó honum væri málið erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty (of a sick person), Bs. i. 110. δ. var þess erfiðar (the more difficult) sem..., Fas. i. 81: so in the phrase, e-m veitir erfitt, one has hard work, Bs. i. 555, Nj. 117; erfitt mun þeim veita at ganga í móti giptu þinni, 171.

erfi-drápa, u, f. a funeral poem, Fbr. 16, Fms. vi. 198, v. 64.

erfið-samligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), toilsome, hard, 677. 10.

erfið-vinnr, adj. hard to work, Grett. 114 A.

erfi-flokkr, m. a short funeral poem, Fms. vi. 117.

erfi-kvæði, n. a funeral poem, = erfidrápa. Eg. 605.

erfingi, ja, m., (arfingi, Fms. ix. 328, Gþl. 287), pl. erfingjar, [arbingjas (pl.), Runic stone in Tune; Ulf. renders GREEK by arbja or arbinumja; Dan. arving; Swed. arfvinge] :-- an heir, Grág. i. 217, Eg. 25, Nj. 3, 656 C. 36, Fms. l.c., etc. etc. erfingja-lauss, adj. without heirs, Fms. v. 298, x. 307.

erfi-veizla, u, f. a funeral banquet, Bs. i. 837.

erfi-vörðr, m. [A. S. erfeveord], an heir, poët., Gh. 14, Akv. 12, cp. the emendation of Bugge to Skv. 3. 60.

erfi-öl, n. [Dan. arveöl], a wake, funeral feast, N. G. L. i. 14.

ERG, n., Gael. word, answering to the Scot. shiel or shieling; upp um dalinn þar sem var erg nokkut, þat köllu vér setr = der som vaar noget erg, det kalde vi. sætter (in the Danish transl.), Orkn. 448 (Addit.), cp. local names in Caithness, e.g. Ásgríms-erg, Orkn. 458.

ERGI, f. [argr], lewdness, lust; ergi, æði ok óþola, Skm. 36, Fas. iii. 390; e. keisara dóttur, Bær. 15, El. 10; ílsku ok e. ok hórdóm, Barl. 138: wickedness, með e. ok skelmisskap, Gísl, 31, Yngl. S. ch. 7: in mod. usage ergja, f., means greediness for money or the like; the rare sense of moodiness is quite mod., and borrowed from Germ. through Dan.

ergjask, ð, dep. to become a coward, only in the proverb, svá ergisk hverr sem eldisk, Hrafn. 25, Fms. iii. 192, iv. 346.

erill, m. [erja], a fuss, bustle.

ERJA, arði, pres. er, sup. arit: mod. pres. erjar, erjaði, 2 Tim. ii. 6; [A. S. erjan; Old Engl. to ear; cp. Lat. arar, Gr. GREEK] :-- to plough; prælarnir skyldi erja, Landn. 35, v.l., cp. Fms. i. 240; eitt nes þat fyrírbauð hann at e., löngum tíma eptir örðu menn hlut af nesinu, Bs. i. 293; þér hafit arit með minni kvígu, Stj. 412: in the saying, seint sá man erja, he will be slow to put his hand to the plough, will be good for nothing, Glúm. 341. β. metaph. to scratch; hann lætr e. skóinn um legginn útan, O. H. L. 45; kom blóðrefillinn í enni Ketils ok arði niðr um nefit, Fas. ii. 126.

erjur, f. pl. brawl, fuss, quarrels.

ERKI-, [Gr. GREEK; Engl. arch-, etc.] I. eccl. arch-, in COMPDS: erki-biskup, m. an archbishop, Gþl. 263, Fms. i. 106, N. G. L. i. 166. erkibiskups-dæmi and erkibiskups-ríki, n. archbishopric, Fms. xi. 392, vii. 300, x. 88, 155; e. stóll. an archiepiscopal seat, Rb. 422. erki-biskupligr, adj. archiepiscopal, Bs. Laur. S., Th. 12. erki-djákn, m. an archdeacon, Fms. ix. 325. xi. 416, 625. 45, Stj. 299. erki-prestr, m. an archpriest, Bs. i. 173, Stj. 299. erki-stóll, m. an archiepiscopal seat. Symb. 28, Fms. iv. 155. II. = great, portentous; erki-býsn, f. portent, Bs. i. 423.

erlendask, d, to go into exile, Stj. 111, but in 162 spelt ör-.

erlending, f. [Germ. elende], an exile, Stj. 223.

erlendis, adv. abroad, in a foreign land, Grág. i. 167. Gþl. 148, K. Þ. K. 158; e. drep, committing manslaughter in a foreign land, Grág. ii. 142; e. víg, a manslaughter committed abroad, i. 183.

ERLENDR, adj., ör-lendr, Gþl. 148, [Hel. elilendi = a foreigner; Germ. elende], foreign, Grág. i. 217, Sks. 462; the spelling with er- and ör- is less correct than el- or ell-, cp. aulandi, p. 34. II. m. a pr. name, Orkn.

Erlingr, m. a pr. name; prop. a dimin. of jarl, an earl.

erm-lauss, adj. arm-less, sleeve-less, Fms. vii. 21, Sturl. iii. 219.

ERMR, f., mod. ermi, dat. and acc. ermi, pl. ermar, [armr], an arm, sleeve, Fms. v. 207, vi. 349, xi. 332, Nj. 35, Clem. 54, Landn. 147: so in the saying, lofa upp í ermina á sér, to make promises in one's sleeve, i.e. to promise without meaning to keep one's word. COMPDS: erma-drög, n. pl. sleeve-linings, Bret. erma-kápa, u, f. a cape with sleeves, Band. 5. erma-kjós, f. the armpit, 656 C. 28. erma-langr, adj. with long sleeves, Fas. ii. 343. erma-lauss, adj. sleeve-less, Fms. xi. 272, Sks. 406. erma-stuttr, adj. with short sleeves. erma-víðr, adj. with wide sleeves. erma-þröngr, adj. with tight sleeves.

Ermskr, adj. Armenian, K. Þ. K. 74, Íb. 13, Fas. iii. 326.

erm-stúka, u, f. a short sleeve, Karl.

ERN, adj. brisk, vigorous, Bs. i. 655, Fms. v. 300; hence Erna, u, f. a pr. name, Rm. 36, Bs. i. 32, v.l.

ern-ligr, adj. of brisk, stout appearance, Nj. 183, Eb.

erpi, n. a sort of wood, Al. 165.

erri-ligr, adj. = ernligr, Fms. iii. 222, Eb. 94 new Ed.

erring, f. a brisk, hard struggle, Fbr. (in a verse).

errinn, adj. = ern, Lex. Poët.; fjöl-e., very brisk and bold, Hallfred.

ERTA, t, to taunt, tease, with acc., Rd. 302, Hkr. iii. 130, Skálda 171, Fms. vi. 323; er eigi gott at e. íllt skap, a saying, Mirm.: reflex., ertask við e-n, to tease one, Fms. ix. 506.

erting, f. teasing, provoking, Lv. 26; engi ertinga-maðr, a man who stands no nonsense, Eg. 417.

ertinn, adj. taunting; ertni, f. a taunting temper.

ERTLA, u, f., proncd. erla or atla, [arta], the wagtail, motacilla alba, now called Máríatla or lín-erla.

ERTR, f. pl. [early Germ. arbeiz; mod. Germ. erbse; Dutch erwt or ert; Dan. ært; Swed. ärter] :-- peas; the Scandin. word is probably borrowed from Dutch or Fris. and occurs in the 13th century; in old writers the r is kept throughout, ertr, ertrnar, Stj. 161; ertrum (dat.), 655 xxxiii. 4; ertra (gen.), Gþl. 544; ertra-akr, a pea-field, id.; ertra-