This is page 158 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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158 FJÚKRENNINGR -- FJÖRÐR.

pl. fjúkum; pret. subj. fyki; part. fokinn; sup. fokit: [Swed. fyka; Dan. fyga] :-- to be driven on, tossed by the wind, of snow, dust, spray, or the like: allit., fjúka sem fys, as chaff; mold er fýkr, 623. 25; axhelmur þær sem fjúka ... ef nokkut fýkr frá oss, Stj. 422: of snow, tók þá at f., it began to snow, Grett. 111; var fjúkanda veðr, there was a snow-storm, 144: hafði fokit yfir öndverðan vetr, they had been buried (had perished) in the snow, Glúm. 341; hence the metaph. phrase, nú er fokið í flest skjól, now all places of shelter are filled with snow, no refuge left, Gísl. 63, Nj. 258; útvegar Háreks eru foknir, all H.'s outgoings are stopped, Fms. xi. 423; sýndisk þeim sem eldr fyki um alla gluggana, of embers, Bs. i. 7; fauk svá sandrinn, at ..., of the ashes from a volcano, 804, (sand-fok, a drift of sand or ashes.) 2. metaph. to fly off; fauk af höfuðit, Nj. 97, Ld. 291; fuku tennrnar ór Búa. Fms. xi. 139; láta fjúka í kveðlingum, to reply with sarcastic, extemporised ditties, Grett. 94.

fjúk-renningr, n. a snow-drift, Sturl. i. 155 C.

fjúk-viðri, n. a snow-storm, Sturl. ii. 31.

fjær, and compds, vide fjarri, farther off.

FJÖÐR, gen. fjaðrar; old pl. fjaðrar, later fjaðrir; dat. fjöðrum: [A. S. feðer; Engl. feather; Germ. feder; Gr. GREEK] :-- a feather, it may be used of either the plume or the quill, but usually a distinction is made between fiðri or fiðr, plumage, and fjaðrar, quills; væng-fjöðr, a wing-feather; stél-fjöðr, a tail-feather; dynja hana fjaðrar, Bm. 1; hár ok fjaðrar, Edda (pref.); plokkaði af fjaðrarnar, 77: phrases and sayings, það er ekki fjöðr af fati þínu, 'tis no feather of thy gear, thou needst not be proud of it, cp. Aesop's fable; verðr hverr að fljúga sem hann er fjaðraðr, every one must fly as he is feathered; draga fjöðr um e-t, to slur over a thing (vide draga), Fms. vii. 20: cp. the proverb in Rafns S. Bs. i. 647, -- lítið er nef várt, en breiðar fjaðrar, our neb is small, but the feathers large, perhaps somewhat corrupt in the text, being taken from some fable about birds; the sense seems to be something like the Fr. 'l'homme propose, Dieu dispose.' 2. metaph. of feather-formed things, α. the blade of a spear, Eg. 285, Stj. 461, Ld. 244, Grett. 121, Sturl. ii. 60, Fas. ii. 209, Fb. 111. 409. β. the fin of a fish, Fas. ii. 131; fiskr niðr frá beltis-stað ok fjöðr á, Fms. iv. 56 (rare). COMPDS: fjaðra-broddr, m. a feathered, i.e. double-edged, spike, Bárð. 170. fjaðra-lauss, adj. featherless, Fas. ii. 378; in the riddle, fuglinn flaug fjaðra-lauss, elti fuglinn fóta-lauss. fjaðra-sárr, adj. = fjaðr-sárr. fjaðra-spjót, n. a kind of sword-spear to thrust with, = fjaðr-spjót.

FJÖL, f., gen. fjalar, old pl. fjalar, later fjalir, a deal, thin board, Fms. vi. 15, 281, x. 404: metaph. of snow shoes, Sks. 81 B: so in the proverb, það er ekki við eina fjöl fellt, 'tis not joined with a single deal, 'tis no plain matter, Mag. 86; or, hann er ekki við eina fjöl felldr, i.e. fit for many things; fóta-fjöl, a foot-board; höfða-fjöl, the head-board of a bed; rúm-fjöl, the side-board of a bed; gafl-fjöl, the barge-board in a gable, etc. COMPDS: fjala-brú, f. a bridge of planks, Fms. xi. 280. fjala-hlass, n. a load of deals, N. G. L. i. 142. fjala-köttr, m. a mouse-trap, Fms. iii. 74. fjala-stóll, m. a deal stool, Pm. 90, etc.

FJÖL-, [akin to Gr. GREEK; Ulf. filu = GREEK; A. S. fela; O. H. G. filu; Germ. viel; lost in Engl. and mod. Dan.; in Icel. freq., esp. as a prefix in poetry, but never used as an independent adj.] :-- much, manifold. I. in a bad sense: fjöl-beiðni, f. begging, intruding, Al. 91. fjöl-breytinn, adj. false, whimsical, Edda 18. fjöl-kunnigr (fjöl-kundr, Barl. passim), adj. [kunna], skilled in the black art, Grett. 150, 153, Eg. 119, 179, Nj. 17, 272, Fms. i. 18, ii. 134, Hm. 114, passim. fjöl-kyngi (fjöl-kyndi, Barl. passim), f. the black art, witchcraft, Fms. i. 10, Korm. 222, Landn. 84, Grett. 151, Rb. 408, Stj. 647; galdrar ok fjölkyngi, K. Þ. K. 76, Grett. 155, etc., passim; fjölkyngis-bækr, f. pl. magical books, Post. 645. 61; fjölkyngis-fólk, n. wizard-folk, Hkr. i. 267; fjölkyngis-íþrótt, f. magic art, 623. 31, Fms. x. 307; fjölkyngis-kona, u, f. a sorceress, Fas. ii. 273; fjölkyngis-liga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), with sorcery, Gísl. 31; fjölkyngis-list, f. magic art, Stj. 73; fjölkyngis-veðr, n. a gale produced by sorcery, Fms. iv. 44. fjöl-lyndi, f. looseness, Lv. 78. fjöl-lyndr, adj. fickle, loose, Sturl. i. 225. fjöl-máligr, adj. tattling, Karl. 439, 686 B. 2. fjöl-mæli, n. tittle-tattle, slander, Fms. ix. 250, Hkr. ii. 35, Gþl. 195, N. G. L. i. 57, H. E. i. 479. fjölmælis-maðr, m. a tatler, slanderer, Gþl. 197. fjöl-orðr, adj. = fjölmáligr, Fs. 36, Fms. ix. 277, v.l. fjöl-ráðr, adj. fickle, loose, Fb. ii. 701. fjöl-ræði, n. fickleness, looseness, 655 ix. C. 2. fjöl-ræðinn, adj. too intimate, Fms. vi. 109. fjöl-skrúðigr, adj. dressy, showy, Eb. 256. II. in the simple sense of many: fjöl-auðigr, adj. very rich, wealthy, Landn. 79. fjöl-bygðr, part. thickly peopled, Landn. 168, 270, 321 (App.) fjöl-menna, t, to crowd, meet in crowds, Nj. 75: become peopled, Rb. 392, Edda (pref.) fjöl-menni, n. many people, a crowd, Nj. 2, Eg. 38, 271, Fms. i. 54, ii. 152, passim: the common people, bændr ok f.. Anecd. 6, Sks. 5. fjöl-mennr, older form fjöl-meðr, adj. with many people, Fms. i. 37; rikr ok f., Bs. i. 651; riðu menn fjölmennir til þings, Ísl. ii. 254; far sem fjölmennastr, Fms. vii. 221: peopled, fjölmennt þing, veizla, etc., Nj. 167; gildi f., Eg. 22, 46, Ísl. ii. 259, Fms. vii. 265: neut., vera, hafa fjölmennt, Eg. 5, Sturl. ii. 245; fjölmennt ok góðmennt, many people and good, Eg. 201. fjöl-skylda and fjöl-skyld, f., Rd. 293; fjöl-skyldi, n., N. G. L. ii. 9, Fms. xi. 68, Hom. i, Grág. i. 225: much business, many duties, with a notion of toil and trouble, Fms. i. 53, iv. 179, vi. 60, xi. 68, 429, Hom. 135, Bs. i. 90, 686 (of debt); mæðing ok f., Sks. 569; álög né f. (duties), Fms. xi. 224; annask um f., to be very busy, Rd. l.c.; eiga f. um at vera, id., N. G. L. l.c.: in Hom. 1. Lat. occupatio is rendered by fjölskyldi; hvárki fé né fjölskyldi, neither in money nor in work, Grág. i. 225 :-- in mod. usage, encumbrance with many people (children), a large family, household, but this scarcely occurs in old writers. fjöl-skyldr (-skyldugr, Mar. 232), adj. busy; f. embætti, Sks. 38, 257 B. III. poët. as a prefix to adj. as an ornamental epithet, e.g. fjöl-blíðr, -dyggr, -dýrr, -errinn, -gegn, -góðr, -kostigr, -kænn, -mætf, -nenninn, -snerrinn, -sviðr, -varr, -vitr, denoting exceeding good, wise, valiant, etc. fjöl-höfðaðr, adj. many-headed, Vþm. fjöl-margr, adj. very many, Gs. 20; vide Lex. Poët.

fjölð, f. = fjöldi, a multitude, Fms. ii. 199, Róm. 383: esp. in poetry, with gen. a plenty of, Höfuðl. 16, Am. 8. 92, Gs. 5, Þkv. 23, Skv. 3. 2, Gh. 18: used as adv. [Germ. viel], much, Vþm. 3, passim, Hm. 17, 73, Sdm. 30.

fjöldi and fjölði, a, m. multitude, Fms. i. 37, Eg. 74, 79, Nj. 8; fjöldi manna = fjölmenni, N. G. L. i. 30.

fjölga, að, to make to increase, Sturl. iii. 242: impers., Fas. i. 73. 2. to become numerous, Edda (pref.) β. reflex., Fas. iii. 10, Stj. 21.

fjölgan, f. increase in number, Fms. v. 276.

fjöllóttr, adj. mountainous, Fb. i. 431, Stj. 94.

fjöl-móði, a, m. the sea-snipe, tringa maritima, so called from its wailing note, Edda (Gl.); hence fjölmóða-víl, n. pitiful wailing, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. pref. p. xi.

FJÖR, n., dat. fjörvi, mod. fjöri, [Ulf. renders GREEK by fairvus; A. S. feorh, pl. feoru = life; Hel. firah; obsolete in Engl., Germ., Swed., and Dan.] :-- life, Vsp. 33; með fjörvi, 623. 49: esp. freq. in allit. phrases, eiga fótum fjör at launa; fjör ok fé, Fms. iv. 77, Grág. ii. 21, Sl. 1; frekr er hver til fjörsins, Þorst. St. 54, Nj. 124; allt er fjörvi firr, Ld. 266. 2. in poetry it seems to be used of the vital parts, the body; fleinn hitti fjör, Höfuðl. 9, Hm. 7, Vellekla Hkr. i. 175, Gh. 18, Skm. 20; cp. Germ. leib, leben, and the Goth. and A. S. sense of this word. 3. in mod. usage freq. in the sense of vitality, vigour, energy, spirits; thus, fjör-fiskr, m., vide fiskr: fjör-kálfr, m. one bounding with life as a young calf, -- hann er mesti fjörkálfr; vera með fullu fjöri, to be in the full vigour of life; fjör-lauss, adj. life-less, listless: fjör-maðr, m. a vigorous man: fjör-mikill, adj. full of life. II. in poetry fjör is used in a great many compds, chiefly those denoting loss of life, death, e.g. fjör-bann, -grand, -lag, -lát, -lot, -nám, -rán, -spell, -tál: the heart is fjör-segi, a, m. the 'life-clod,' Fm. 32.

fjör-baugr, m. 'life-money,' a law term, a fee amounting to a mark, to be paid by a convict of the lesser degree to the executive court (féránsdómr); and if this was not paid, the convict was henceforth a full outlaw: :-- hence the convict is called fjörbaugs-maðr and the lesser outlawry or conviction fjörbaugs-garðr, m., because within a fixed space (garðr), the convict was safe, having paid the life-money, vide esp. Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 32 sqq., ch. 40, Nj. 240, and the Sagas and laws passim. In two passages, viz. Flóam. S. ch. 10 and Glúma ch. 24, fjörbaugsgarðr is used in the same sense as þing-helgi, q.v., viz. of the sacred boundary of a meeting, regarded by the heathens as a sanctuary, cp. Eb. ch. 4 fine; in the Edit. of Flóam. S. the passage 'til Lóns' is false, the probable reading being 'til Lopz,' i.e. Lopts; in the old MS. Vatnshyrna the shank of the p was prob. obliterated so as to make it look like n, and so one transcriber read 'Lóns,' another 'Jóns;' the reading ' Lopts' is born out bv the historical context, cp. also Landn. 5, ch. 8; the word fjörbaugr is diffusely commented on in H. E. i. 137 sqq. COMPDS: fjörbaugs-sekt, f. penalty of f., = fjörbaugs-garðr, Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 40. fjörbaugs-sök, f. a case liable to fjörbaugr, Eg. 723, Nj. 164, Grág. i. 90.

fjör-brosa, n, f. a lovely smile; sumir menn mæla at móðir þín sé engi f., some people say that thy mother is no f., Mirm. 69.

fjör-brot, n. pl. the death-struggle, esp. of wild beasts, Fær. 49, Fm. 21, Bs. i. 345: Norse, a taking of life, manslaughter, N. G. L. i. 156.

FJÖRÐ or fjorð, adv. [early Germ. fert, used by Luther, but obsolete in mod. Germ.; Swed. and Dan. fjord; cp. Sansk. parut] :-- the past year; in Icel. this word is obsolete, and scarcely ever occurs in old prose writers; but the mod. 'í fyrra' is derived or corrupted from an older phrase 'í fjörð,' which is still used all over the Scandin. continent; in D. N. 'í fjörð' repeatedly occurs, cp. Fr.; the 'fjörð' in the following passages -- Hkr. i. 186, Fms. ii. 328, vi. 88, Fs. 95 (Hallfred), all of them poems of the 10th and 11th centuries -- is doubtless to be taken in this sense; and the explanation given in Lex. Pool., s. v. fjörð and following, cannot be right.

fjörð-gamall, adj. a year old, D. N.

fjörðingi, a, m. one who has dwelt for a year in a place, N. G. L. i. 201.

FJÖRÐR, m., gen. fjarðar; dat. firði; pl. firðir, gen. fjarða: acc. fjörðu, mod. firði: [Swed.-Dan. fjord; North. E. and Scot. firth, frith; Engl. ford is a kindred word, but not identical] :-- a firth, bay, a Scandin. word; but a small crescent-formed inlet or creek is called vík, and is less than fjörðr, hence the saying, fjörðr milli frænda, en vík milli vina, let there be a firth between kinsmen, but a creek between friends, denoting that