This is page 207 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

This online edition was created by the Germanic Lexicon Project. Click here to go to the main page about Cleasby/Vigfusson. (You can download the entire dictionary from that page.) Click here to volunteer to correct a page of this dictionary. Click here to search the dictionary. This page was generated on 30 Mar 2019. The individual pages are regenerated once a week to reflect the previous week's worth of corrections, which are performed and uploaded by volunteers. The copyright on this dictionary is expired. You are welcome to copy the data below, post it on other web sites, create derived works, or use the data in any other way you please. As a courtesy, please credit the Germanic Lexicon Project.

GNÍSTAN -- GOÐ. 207

gnístan, f. gnashng of teeth, in the phrase, óp ok tanna g., Post. 656 C. 30; spelt gnístran, Matth. viii. 12, xiii. 42, 50, xxii. 13, xxiv. 51, xxv. 30, Luke xiii. 28.

gnístingr, m. a creaking, Stj. 71.

gnjóðr, m. a kind of seed, Edda (Gl.)

gnjóstr, m., Tann-g., Teeth-gnasher, one of Thor's he-goats, Edda.

gnolla, d, to shiver; impers., tekr þeim at gnolla, Fms. xi. 136.

Gnóð or Gnoð, f., poët. name of a ship, Edda (Gl.); properly a mythical ship like the Greek Argo, Fas. iii. 406, 407, (Eg. S. Einh. fine.)

gnóg-leikr, m. abundance, Magn. 450, Rb. 110.

gnóg-liga, adv. (mod. nóg-liga, and so Stj. 30, Fms. vi. 15, MSS. of the 14th century), abundantly, Edda 9, Fms. i. 77, Hom. 37, Stj. 414.

gnóg-ligr, adj. (mod. nóg-ligr, and so Fms. ii. 228, Sks. 134 B. new Ed., MSS. of the 13th century), abundant, Stj. 428, Mar. 474.

GNÓGR, adj.; in old alliterative poets gn, þess var grams und gömlum | gnóg rausn, Arnór, and so in very old MSS.; but even vellum MSS. as old as Hb., Stj., Arna-Magn. 66 (vide below), begin to drop the g, which was either lost or replaced by í (í-nógr) as in Engl. e-nough: the declension also is interesting; in old writers it has regular neut. gnógt or nógt, but later the t was dropped; an Icel. says, það er nóg rúm (room enow), the old form being gnógt rúm; the gen. has also been dropped, and so the word has become an irregular though not indeclinable adjective: again, an indeclinable nógu has been formed, nógu margr, mikill, etc., answering to Engl. enough after an adjective: [Ulf. ganôhs, -- GREEK; A. S. genôh; Engl. enough and enow; O. H. G. ganah; Germ. genug and genung; Dan. nok; Swed. nog and noga] :-- enough, sufficient, plentiful, of stores; þar er sæmðar ván er gnóg er til, Nj. 21; selveiðar gnógar ok fiski-fang mikit, Eg. 130; mundu þar fá gnógt lið, Fms. vii. 276; ok svá nógt er í fjöllum þeim gull sem grjót, Pr. 400; þat it fjórða er nógt var, which was enough by itself, Bret. (Hb.) 66; þeim með er hann hefir gnógastan til, Sks. 229 B; hafa gnógan liðs kost, Fms. viii. 220; því at þar var nógt búfé Dana til strandhöggva, i. 128; gaf hann öllum nóga skotpenninga, xi. 202; honum mun gefast svo hann gnóg hafi, Matth. xiii. 12; skógar-dýr er jafnan vóru gnóg, Stj. 560 (nóg and í nóg, v.l.); með svá nógum gný (so great a din) ok vápna-braki, at ..., Stj. (MSS.) 127 :-- of persons (rare), nú var hann nógr orðinn um kvikfé, now he was well stocked with cattle, Bjarn. 39; nú muntú ok vera þér nógr einn (= einhlítr, q.v.) um þetta mál, Band. 6. II. adverbial use; at nógu, sufficiently, plentifully; þat sem at nógu döggvir allan aldin-viðinn, Stj. 68; ok vinnsk oss þat at nógu, it is enough for us, Fms. v. 48 (but at gnógu, Ó. H. 202, l.c., and so Fb. ii. 329); í-nóg, enough; hann (the cypress) er þar í-nóg, Stj. 88, Al. 171; þar til er þeir allir hafa drukkit í-nóg, Stj. 136; fóðr höfum vér í-nóg, id.; allt var í-nóg þat er hafa þurfti, 203; biskup sagði at þeir hefði í-nóg at geyma, Bs. i. 866 :-- nógu, indecl. enough, only in the later Sagas, þreif Öngull til saxins, ok kvað hann nógu lengi (long enough) borit hafa, Grett. 154; því at nógu margir munu vera mótstöðu-menn þínir, 156; nógu mikit, mickle enough, Bs. i. 909 (Laur. S.)

gnótt, f. [A. S. geniht], abundance, plenty; ærin gnótt vista, Fms. xi. 36; gnótt fjár, Band. 9; aura gnótt, plenty of money, Greg. 39; gnótt grunnýðgi (gen.), Am. 1; þau áttu gnótt í búi, Nj. 257; en svá mikil gnótt at sólunni um sumarit, so great plenty of sun during the summer, Sks. 71; hljóta sumir mikla gnótt af þessum gjöfum, 561; hann mun gefa þér gnótt allra hluta, Blas. 43; þar vóru gnóttir hvers-vetna, Fs. 65; en at ek gera gnótt spurning þinni, that I give sufficient answer to thy question, Fas. iii. 665. COMPDS: gnótta-brunnr, m. the well of abundance, Stj. 164. Gen. xxvi. 22. gnótta-maðr, m. a wealthy man, Grett. 127 (MS. A. nótta-maðr).

GNÚA, mod. núa, pres. gný; pret. gneri, gnöri, or neri; part. gnúit; [cp. Dan. gnide] :-- to rub; hann tók til orða, ok gneri nefit, and rubbed his nose, Orkn. 394; gnera ek vátum höndum um augu mér, Ó. H. 224; gnera (gnöra, v.l.) ek í sundr öll málmhlið sterkra borga, Sks. 631 B, Mirm. 31: with dat., hón rakaði af honum allt hárit ok neri (paper MS.) í tjöru (dat.), and rubbed it with tar, Fas. i. 18; hann gnýr þar við bakinu þar til er boga-strengrinn skarsk, ii. 547; þó at þér sveinar haeði at því, at þú sitir mjótt ok gnúir saman lærum þínum, Band. 13, Mar. 539; nokkurrir fiskar gnúa sér svá fast við kviðinn, at ..., Stj. 77.

gnúfa, ð, (qs. gnúpa), to droop, stoop; skalf hón öll af hræðslu ok gnúfði hón með höfði sínu, Str. 76.

gnúfa, adj. drooping, stooping; hann sat gnúfa hryggr ... lypti upp höfði sínu, Str. 73.

gnúpa, u, f. = gnúfa, a nickname, Landn.

gnúp-leitr, adj. = gnúfa, Edda 19.

GNÚPR, m. a peak ( = gnípa); þá gékk maðr út ór gnúpinum, Nj. 211; undir gnúpinum, Landn. 277, v.l.: freq. in local names, Lóma-g., Rita-g.; Gnúpar, pl., and Gnúpr, names of farms, Landn.: a pr. name, Bs.

GNYÐJA, gnuddi, to mutter, grumble; herrinn gnuddi nú ílla, Fms. vi. 156 (nuddi, v.l.); en þó gnuddi þetta mest á Sturlu, they grumbled most against Sturla, Sturl. 157: to scream, grunt, gnyðja mundu nú grísir ef þeir vissi hvat hinn gamli þyldi, Fas. i. 282.

gnyðr, m., pl. ir, mod. nyðr, or even spelt niðr, a murmur; þykki mér íllt at heyra gnyð ykkar yfir mér, Fas. iii. 194; görðisk þá mikill gnýr ok gnyðr af ópi ok hlaupum, Stj. 452, v.l. II. in mod. usage freq. the murmur of a river or brook, ár-niðr, lækjar-niðr.

gný-fari, a, m., poët. the wind, Edda (Gl.)

GNÝJA, pres. gnýr, pret. gnúði, to sound, of wind and sea; derived from gnúa, with the notion of a grating sound, as of a stream over pebbles, the tide against the beach, etc.; brím gnýr Kormak, vide Lex. Poët.; breki gnúði á stafni, Höfuðl. 11; gnýr allr Jötun-heimr, Vsp. 53; gnýjanda gjálfr, Sks.; útan gnýr á eyri Ýmis blóð, Edda (in a verse); vindar eru þá úkyrrir ok gnýja héðan ok handan, Edda 8; þar megu vér nú heyra gnýja bana Þorkels frænda, Ld. 326; gnúði á hallæri mikit ok veðrátta köld, Bs. i. 171; þá gnú/ði á hin snarpasta hríð, Fms. ii. 225; þótti honum görask mikit vandkvæði í þessu er á gnúði, iv. 145; hvat sem á gnýr, Thom. 114.

gný-mikit, n. adj. stormy, windy, Grett. 111 A.

gnýpr, m., mod. nýpr, = gnúpr, a local word.

gnýr, m. a clash, din, as of wind, waves, weapons, etc., Nj. 272, Edda 41, Mag. 6, Skálda 169, Fms. vi. 156, x. 264, Sl. 57: esp. freq. in poët. compds referring to the din of war, Lex. Poët.: metaph., gnýr ok ótti, alarm and fright, Niðrst. 5.

gnæða, dd, mod. næða, to feel a draught, það næðir um þig.

gnæðingr, m., mod. næðingr, a gust of wind, Bárð. 171.

GNÆFA, ð and að, to project, Lat. eminere; af Gnár nafni er svá kallat, at þat gnæfi sem hátt ferr, Edda. 22; merki mörg óðfluga ok gnæfðu fyrir ofan brekkuna, Hkr. i. 150; engi sá fyrr en þar gnæfaði merki yfir þeim, Fms. viii. 62; en er bændr sá þat í móti dags-brúninni at merki konungs gnævaði hátt, 126; ok gnæfar yfir liðinu sem einn hár turn, Al. 141; hans bust næfði (sic) náliga við limar uppi, Fb. ii. 27; g. við himin, Fas. i. 185 (in a verse); hann gnæfði ofarliga við ráfrinu, Grett.: metaph., Lat. impendere, hvílíkr háski at yfir gnæfir þeirra sálum, H. E. i. 514 :-- very freq. in mod. usage.

gnæfr (gnæpr, Fb. i. 258), adj. floating high, of a banner, Hd. 40.

GNÆGJA, ð, [gnógr], to endow, bestow upon; gnægð með góðum hlutum, Stj. 421; hve hann yrþjóð (acc.) auði gnegir, how he endows men with bliss, Ad. 18; and gnegðr at fjárafli, endowed with wealth, id. In mod. usage nægja, það nægir, 'tis enough, e.g. sá hefir nóg sér nægja lætr, a saying, freq.

gnægr, adj., mod. nægr, = gnógr; þú hefir þat gnægara, er meira þarf við, Lv. 43; því at lands-folkit var gnægt til, i.e. populous, Hkr. i. 45; hann á nægri börn en kýr, he is better stocked with bairns than kine, Bs. ii. 141; skaupi gnegr, full of contempt, scoffing, Ad. 2.

gnægt, f. (nægt, nægð, Stj. 235, freq. in mod. usage), = gnótt, abundance: esp. in pl., eiga alls nægtir, to have one's fill of all good things, freq.

gnægta, t, = gnægja; Dróttinn mun þik g. öllum góðum hlutum, Stj. 421.

GNÖLLRA, að, (nöllra, Karl. l.c.; hence the mod. nöldra to grumble, nöldr grumbling) :-- to howl, bark; hundrinn hljóp upp gnöllrandi, Fas. iii. 545; haukar þeirra gnöllraðu, Karl. 376, v.l.; við þessi orð spratt hundrinn upp ok gnöllraði hátt, Fms. iii. 13; hjarta hans gnöllraði í honum innan-brjósts eins og greyhundr, rendering of Od. xx. 13, 14; þar eru tveir hundar ok nöllra þeir ok grenja, Þiðr. 245.

gnöllran, f. howling, Mar.

GNÖTRA, að, [gnat], to clatter, rattle; gnötrar (gnottir, Verel.) sverðit hvárt yfir annat, Bret. 55; menn þóttusk heyra at beinin gnötruðu við hræringarnar, his bones clattered, Bs. i. 69: esp. of the teeth, skelfr hann svá mjök at gnötrar í honum hver tönn, Háv. 54; tennr hans nötruðu, Fbr. 149: metaph., þar hlaut at nötra um, Sd. 169 :-- in mod. usage freq. to shiver, shake, as with cold.

GOÐ, n. pl. [all the Teutonic languages have this word in common; Ulf. guþa, n. pl., Gal. iv. 8; guda, id., John x. 34, 35; and Guþ, m.; A. S. godu, n. pl., and God, m.; O. H. G. Cot: in mod. languages masc.; Engl. God; Germ. Gott; Dan.-Swed. Gud].

A. HISTORICAL REMARKS. -- In heathen times this word was neuter, and was used almost exclusively in plur., as were also other words denoting Godhead, e.g. regin or rögn = numina, q.v.; and bönd, höpt, prop. = bonds, and metaph. gods :-- this plur. usage seems not to refer to a plurality of gods, but rather, as the Hebrew HEBREW, to the majesty and mystery of the Godhead; it points to an earlier and purer faith than that which was current in the later ages of the Scandinavian heathendom; thus the old religious poem Völuspá distinguishes a twofold order of gods, -- the heavenly powers (regin or ginn-heilög goð) who had no special names or attributes, and who ruled the world, like the GREEK or GREEK of Gr. mythology; -- and the common gods who were divided into two tribes, Æsir (Ases) and Vanir, whose conflict and league are recorded in Vsp. 27, 28, and Edda 47. II. after the introduction of Christianity, the masculine gender (as in Greek and Latin) superseded the neuter in all Teutonic languages, first in Gothic, then in Old High German and Anglo-Saxon, and lastly in the Scandinavian languages; but neither in Gothic nor in Icel. did the word ever take the masc. inflexive r or s, so that it remains almost unique in form. 2. in Scandinavian the root vowel was altered from o to u (goð to guð), [Swed.-Dan. gud], yet in old poems of the Christian age