This is page 247 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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HEGNAÐR -- HEIÐRIKR. 247

sínar á land upp, með laga-kefli, 252; -- in this sense the word is obsolete in Icel., but 3. is freq. in eccl. usage, α. hegna líkam sinn frá munuðum, to keep one's body from lusts, Hom. 85; h. oss (acc.) at syndum, to keep us from sin, 74. β. to punish; hann hegndi harðliga allar lögleysur ok úsiðu, Magn. 472. II. to chastise, with acc., but in mod. usage with dat.; hegna íllþýði ok ráns-menn, Fms. vii. 16, (but dat. v.l. of the Hrokkinskinna, a MS. of the 15th century); the dat. seems to be due to an ellipse, e.g. Haraldr Hárfagri fór á einu sumri vestr um haf at h. víkingum (for hegna land víkingum, to clear the land of vikings, pacify it), Orkn. 10.

hegnaðr, m. defence, Gþl. 56: chastisement, hegnaðar-hamarr, hammer of punishment, Mar. 200. hegnuðr, m. a chastiser, is the name of a staff borne in court, Vd. ch. 44.

hegnari, a, m. an avenger, Fms. v. 241.

hegnd, f. castigation, punishment, Stj. 40, 67, Bs. i. 288.

hegning, f. = hegnd, K. Á. 46, Valla L. 209, Fms. iii. 89, v. 320. hegningar-vöndr, m. a rod of chastisement, Stj. 653.

hegnir, m. a defender, chastiser, Lex. Poët.

hégóma, að, to speak falsely, vainly; Þorbjörn kvað eigi hégómað frá, Th. said it was not untrue, Háv. 45; h. ok ljúga, Stj. 34, 131, 150, Bs. ii. 137; h. á e-n, to slander one, Mag.

hé-gómi, a, m. [the prefixed syllable hé- in hégómi and hégilja has no independent existence, but seems to be identical with Goth. hivi (by which word Ulf. renders the Gr. GREEK, 2 Tim. iii. 5), A. S. hiv, Engl. hue, denoting outward appearance, with a notion of falseness; thus hégómi literally denotes whatever is false to the touch or taste, hé- and gómr, q.v.]: I. a cobweb, litter, dust, esp. within doors; reykr, hégómi, fölski, fys, fjúkandi lauf og strá, Hallgr., freq. in mod. usage; it can only be accidental that the word is not found in old writers. II. metaph. falsehood, folly, nonsense; var þat ekki nema hégómi vándra manna, Fms. ix. 449 (v.l. to lygi ein); sumir lásu bækr fyrir honum til þessa hégóma (nonsense), 460, v.l.; en Svíar mæla þessu í mót ok telja hégóma at þar hafi menn farizk, Ó. H. 18; en vér höfum setið hér at hégóma hans ok ginningum, Ld. 322; mikill h., great nonsense, Fms. vi. 445; af alvöru eðr af hégóma, Eg. 729; mæla tál ok hégóma, Nj. 358; h. ok uppslátta, Fms. ix. 285; þú segisk elska mik, en þat er þó ekki nema h. þinn, Stj. 417; hyggja hégóma, to think foolishly, Hom. 69; ekki sinni ek hégóma þínum, Ísl. ii. 214; verða at hégóma, to be set at naught, Barl. 8. 19, Stj. 433; heimsins h., Barl. 91; segja hégóma á e-n, to slander one, Karl. 57; eigi skal þú hafa nafn Drottins í hégóma, Pr. 437; mod., þú skalt ekki leggja nafn Drottins Guðs þíns við h., Exod. xx. 7. 2. mod. vanity, vain things; hégómi hégómans og allt er h., Eccles. i. 2, 14; skepnan er hégómanum undir gefin, Rom. viii. 20; í hégóma síns hugskots, Ephes. iv. 17. COMPDS: hégóma-dýrð, f. vain-glory, Bs. i. 373, Stj. 146. hégóma-líf, n. a vain life, Hom. 93. hégóma-maðr, m. a charlatan, liar, Karl. 274: mod. a vain, idle person. hégóma-mal, n, a vain speech, Fms. iv. 258, xi. 248. hégóma-nafn, n. an empty name, sham name, Hkr. ii. 268. hégóma-starf, n. vain labour, Stj. 298.

hégómliga, adv. vainly.

hégómligr, adj. vain, false, Stj. 142; h. dyrð, Al. 130; h. kenning, 623. 19, Sks. 620; h. guðir, Stj. 449; h. fortala, Anecd. 3; heimsk ok h., MS. 673. 46; h. draumar, Bret.: h. viðrlagning, superfluous addition, Skálda 187.

HEGRI, a, m. [A. S. higora; Germ. heher; Dan. hejre; Swed. hägar], a heron or hern, Lat. ardea, Edda (Gl.), Hm., Fms. ix. 9: in local names, Hegra-nes, Landn.; Hegranes-þing, Fms. x. 113.

hei, exclam. ey! Sturl. iii. 188.

HEIÐ, n. brightness of the sky; heið ok sólskin, Ó. H. 108, Bs. i. 339; sólina, ef í heiði mætti sjá, K. Þ. K. 96: in plur., frost fylgði mikit veðrinu, ok vóru stundum heið í himininn upp, the gale was followed by sharp frost, and now and then there were bright spots up in the sky, Bjarn. 54; veðr var bjart ok skein sól í heiði, Fms. v. 77; tunglið þá það skín í heiði, Rb. 108; sem þá er roðar fyrir upprennandi sólu í hinu fegrsta heiði, Karl. 111, v.l.; sem röðull renni upp í heiði, Arnór: in poetry the heaven is called heiðs há-rann, the high hall of brightness, Lex. Poët.

HEIÐ, f. a fee, stipend, payment, an obsolete word only found in poets; the phrase, haptsœnis heið, the atoning fee of the gods = poetry, a song, in a verse of Kormak, seems to refer to the tale in Edda 47 (Skáldskapar-mál, ch. 3); whence heið-fé, n. a fee, stipend, Edda (Gl.): heið-frömuðr, m. an epithet of a king: heið-gjöf, f. a gift of fee: heið-launaðr, part. paid, granted in fee, N. G. L. i. 91: heið-maðr, m. a king's man, who holds land in fee from the king: heið-menningr, m. a nickname, Landn.: heið-mærr, adj. open-handed: heið-sær, adj. sowing gold, open-handed, Lex. Poët.: heið-þegi, a, m. = heiðmaðr, esp. of a king's man, answering to the mod. soldier; for all these words vide Lex. Poët. II. hence metaph. worth, value; lítils heiðar, of small worth, of small repute, Fms. vi. 130 (in a verse); Daniel sá einskis heiðar á Bel, D. saw naught of worth in Bel, Blanda: whence the mod. compds, heiðar-liga, adv. worthily; heiðar-ligr, adj. worthy, honourable; vide heiðr below.

heiða, dd, to brighten, dispel the clouds, Skáld-H. R. 3. 1.

heið-birta, u, f. brightness of the sky.

heið-bjartr, adj. serene, Lex. Poët., freq. in mod. usage.

heiðin-dómr, m. heathendom, Hkr. ii. 65, freq. in mod. usage, but originally in two words.

heiðingi, a, m. [heiðinn], a heathen, gentile, Ó. H., Nj., Bs. (Kristni S.) passim. II. poët. a wolf, either metaph. from heiðingi, or from heiðr, a heath, one who lives on heaths and wildernesses, Edda (Gl.), Akv. 8; it occurs besides twice or thrice in poems of the time of king Harald Harðráði, 11th century.

heiðingligr, adj. heathen, Fms. i. 137, passim.

HEIÐINN, adj. [A. S. hæðen; Engl. heathen; O. H. G. heidan; Germ. heide and heidnisch; Dan. hedensk; this word is prob. derived not from heiðr, a heath, but from Gr. GREEK as used in the N. T.; Ulf. in a single passage, Mark vii. 26, renders GREEK by qino haiþno; it is even possible that the eccl. paganus, which, according to Du Cange, only appears after A.D. 365, may be merely a translation of the Teutonic word under the notion that haiþan was derived from haiþi = a heath, open country (Gr. GREEK, Lat. pagus): then, as haiþi was pronounced much like GREEK, the true etymology of heiðinn was lost; and so the long vowel and the aspirated initial may be accounted for. To the worshippers of Thor and Odin the name heathen was unknown; Christians were the first that used the word, and we meet with it first in Hkm. of Eyvind, who speaks of heiðin goð, heathen gods; heiðinn stallr, a heathen altar, Kristni S., by the missionary Þorvald, A.D. 982; it is also used by Hallfred and Sighvat; heiðinn dómr, heathendom, Sighvat; heiðnar stjörnur, heathen stars, Sól.: the verse in Ísl. ii. 50 is spurious (as are all the verses of that Saga); so also the verses in Landn. 84 (Hb.), and in Bergbúa-þáttr, where the word heiðinn is put into the mouth of a ghost and a giant, in songs which are merely a poetical fiction of later times. The word heiðingi for wolf is curious: probably it is merely a metaph. phrase from heiðinn, gentilis, and if so, it gives an additional evidence to the age of the poem Atla-kviða; which poem, from its nickname the 'Greenlandish,' cannot be older than the discovery of Greenland, A.D. 985] :-- heathen, gentilis, ethnicus, the Sagas passim, esp. Nj. ch. 101-106, Kristni S., Ó. T., Ó. H., etc.: a child not christened was in olden times called heathen, N. G. L. i. 340; heiðit morð, the murder of an infant not christened, 339: in mod. Icel. usage, a boy or girl before confirmation is called heathen; this improper use of the word is caused by a confusion between baptism and confirmation: so in Norway a woman between child-birth and churching is called heathen (Ivar Aasen).

heiðir, m., poët. a hawk, Edda (Gl.)

heiðnask, að, dep. to become heathen, Fms. x. 313.

heiðneskr, adj. heathen, H. E. ii. 91 (rare). II. from Heiðmörk, f. a county in Norway, D. N.

heiðni, f. heathendom, Fms. i. 47, passim: heathen worship, heathen practice, fremja h., N. G. L. i. 182; en síðar fám vetrum vas sú heiðni af numin sem önnur, Íb. 12, Nj. 160: the heathen age, Friðrekr kom í heiðni hér, Íb. 13: a heathen country, Fb. i. 343.

HEIÐR, adj. [vide heið, n.; Germ. heiter], bright, cloudless, only of the sky, in the allit. phrase, heiðr himin, a clear sky, Hbl. 19, Stj. 305, Eb. 48 new Ed., Fms. v. 81: in poetry, heiðar stjörnur, bright stars, Vsp. 57; heiðr dagr, a bright day, Skv. 3. 53.

HEIÐR, f., dat. and acc. heiði, pl. heiðar; mod. nom. heiði, vide Gramm. p. xxvii, col. 2, and p. xxviii; [Ulf. haiþi = GREEK, Matth. vi. 28, 30, Luke xv. 15, xvii. 7, 31; and haiþivisks = GREEK; A. S. hæð; Engl. heath; O. H. G. haida; Germ. heide; Dan. hede; Swed. hed] :-- a heath; in Icel. particularly heiðr (or heiði) is chiefly used of a low barren heath or fell; thus in local names heiðr is a common name for the barren tracts of fell between the foot of one fjord or dale and another, see the map of Icel. passim, Nj. 158, Eg. 137, 275, Grág. i. 440. COMPDS: heiðar-brekka, u, f. and heiðar-brún, f. the brink or edge of a heath, Hrafn. 28, Fbr. 39, Sturl. i. 33, 84. heiðar-hæna, n, f. a heath-hen, moor-fowl, Orkn. (in a verse). heiðar-vegr, m. a road through a heath, Bs. i. 318. Heiðar-víg, n. a fight on the Heath, Ísl. ii. 259, Landn. i. 70; whence Heiðarvíga-saga, u, f. the name of a Saga, Eb., cp. Sturl. i. 122: freq. in local names, Heiða-bær, Fms. xii. II. a pr. name of a sybil, Vsp., as also freq. in compd names of women, usually dropping the h, Ragn-eiðr, Baug-eiðr: Heið-rekr, m. name of a king.

heiðr, m., gen. heiðrs, [akin to heið, f. above, q.v.; Dan. hæder; Swed. häder] :-- honour; it does not occur in very old or class. writers; til heiðrs ok sæmdar, Stj. 95; stórr heiðr, Fs. (Vd.) 21; heiðr ok tign, Fb. i. 564; h. ok hamingja, 566; Guðs heiðr, Fms. vii. 172 (v.l. of the Hrokkinskinna), Mar. passim: freq. in mod. usage, halda í heiðri, to honour, etc. COMPDS: heiðrs-maðr, m. a man of honour, Bs. i. 823. heiðr-samligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), worshipful, Stj. heiðrs-vel, adv. honourably, Stj. 26.

heiðra, að, to honour, Bs. i. (Laur. S.); freq. in mod. usage, heiðra skaltú föður þinn og móður, the Fifth Commandment.

heiðran, f. worship, honouring, H. E. i. 477.

heið-ríkja, u, f. brightness of the sky.

heið-ríkr, adj. bright, serene, of the sky; h. veðr, Ísl. ii. 409, Gísl. 33.