This is page 282 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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282 HRAKFALL -- HREÐA.

hunted deer, Korm. 60. hrak-fall, n. a wreck, disaster. hrak-för, hrak-ferð, f. a journey ending in disgrace and disaster, Fær. 166, Grett. 153, Mag. hrak-liga, adv. wretchedly, disgracefully, Fs. 35. hrak-ligr, adj. wretched, disgraceful, Korm. 62, Sturl. i. 24, iii. 273, Glúm. 387. hrak-magr, adj. wretchedly thin, Bs. i. 389. krak-mannligr, adj. wretched, mean. hrak-menni, n. a wretched man, wretch. hrak-ólar, f. pl., in the phrase, vera á hrakólum, to be as on the rack. hrak-spá, f. evil prophecy, croaking, hrak-viðri, n. wretched weather. hrak-yrði, n. foul language, Gísl. 86. hrak-æfi, f. a wretched life, cp. Gísl. 63.

hrakning, f. wretched treatment, insult, injury, Korm. 158, Nj. 136, Sturl. ii. 38, Sd. 167, Fms. viii. 78, 136, Grett. 203 new Ed., Hrafn. 20: in mod. usage, hrakningr, m. a being tossed or wrecked at sea; also sjó-hrakningr.

HRAMMR, m. [cp. Goth. hramjan = to nail to the cross], that with which one clutches, a bear's paw, Finnb. 248, Grett. 101, Ld. 52, Am. 17, Ver. 80, Fb. ii. 289: the palm of the hand, Edda (Gl.); whence hramm-þviti, a, m., poët. for gold, Höfuðl. 17.

hrandlan, f. tossing about, N. G. L. i. 157.

HRANG, n. a noise, din, tumult, as of a crowd, Grág. i. 5; spelt hrong, Mork. 110 (in a verse).

hrani, a, m. a blusterer; hann er mesti hrani. COMPDS: hrana-legr, adj. rude. hrana-skapr, m. uncivil behaviour. II. a pr. name, Sturl.

hrap, n. ruin, falling down, freq.; stjörnu-hrap, a shooting star.

HRAPA, að, to fall, tumble down, Fs. 70, Ann. 1339, Th. 76, Al. 76: to fall into an abyss, down a precipice, hröpuðu þeir af hæðinni, Landn. 147; h. til helvítis, Hom. 87; eg sá Satan svo sem eldingu h. af himni, Luke x. 18; hann hrapar í pyttinn, Fs. 158; h. ofan, Al. 146; hrapaði hann niðr í fjöruna, Fms. viii. 75; hann er að h. klett af klett, a ditty: of a shooting star, stjörnur munu af himnum h., Matth. xxiv. 29, (stjörnu-hrap.) β. to fall in ruin; hvort hús mun yfir annat h., Luke xi. 17, xiii. 4; but not usual, 'hrynja' being used of a house, wall, tower, rock which falls; hrapa of a man who falls from them. II. to rush headlong, hurry; hrapa á fund e-s, Fms. i. 303; er þú hrapar svá til banans, vi. 115: h. í e-t, to rush into, H. E. i. 469; h. at e-u, to hurry on a thing, Fs. 41; ef maðr hrapar svá at grepti at kviðr berr at önd sé í brjósti, K. Þ. K. 26: with dat., eigi skulu þér h. því svá, Ölk. 36; hitt mundi mitt ráð at h. eigi ferðinni, Eg. 577, Fms. v. 43; ok hrapaðir þeim svá til helvítis, vii. 123.

hrapaðr, m. hurry; at hrapaði, hurriedly, Fms. ix. 377, Sturl. i. 83, Ann. 1417.

hrapa-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), mod. hrapar-ligr, hurried, disastrous; mæla h., to bluster, Ísl. ii. 350, Sturl. i. 166 C; fara hrapalliga, to rush headlong like a fool, Hrafn. 15.

hrapan, f. downfall, Fms. ii. 276, Al. 40.

hrap-orðr, adj. using blustering language, Sturl. iii. 113, v.l.

Hrappr, m. a pr. name; see hreppr.

HRASA, but better rasa (q.v.), where the references will be given in full, see introduction to letter H :-- to stumble; the aspirated form is only used in a few cases, og hrasaði bland ræningja, Gr. GREEK, Luke x. 30; hrasaðr, 36: eccl. to stumble in sin, Pass., Vídal. passim.

hrasan, hrösun, f. stumbling, sinning, N. T., Pass., Vídal.

hrat, n. [Ivar Aasen rat], refuse: esp. the skins, stones, etc. of berries (berja-hrat) which one spits out: the droppings of birds, það er eins hrat úr hrafni.

HRATA, að, better and older rata (q.v.), vrata: [in mod. usage the aspirated form is used in the sense to stagger, stumble, but rata in the sense to find one's way; but that in both senses rata is the true form is shewn by alliteration, as in Skv. 1. 36, cp. also Vsp. 51; also by the form rati, a headlong fool] :-- to stagger, fall, tumble; ok hrataði hann ofan af þekjunni, Nj. 114; þau hrata í gil nokkut ofan, Bs. i. 442, Sturl. ii. 137; hann hrataði af ok kom niðr standandi, 138; þá reið at honum brúnássinn ok hrataði hann inn aptr, Nj. 202; nema menn rati (hrati?) á eðr hrindisk á, Grág. ii. 96: to stagger, Önundr rataði (hrataði, v.l.) við lagit, Eg. 379; hann hrataði við en féll eigi, Fms. vi. 66; hann var hrumr ok hrataði áfram, vii. 22, Fs. 38, 52.

hrati, a, m. rubbish, trash, Bs. i. 601.

HRAUKR, m. [A. S. hreâc; Engl. rick], a small stack, torf-h.; cp. hroki.

hrauk-tjald, n. a rick-formed tent, Fas. ii. 273, Bárð. 178.

hraumi, a, m. [A. S. hreâm], a noisy fellow, Edda (Gl.)

HRAUN, n. [akin to hruni, hrjóna, and hrynja (q.v.), and thus from a lost strong verb jó, au, u; hrjúfr, hrúðr, hreysi, hrjóstr (q.v.) seem all to be akin] :-- prop. a rough place, a wilderness, and is used so esp. by Norse writers and in the oldest poems: in Norse local names, Raunen, bare rocks in the sea, as opp. to hólmr, a grassy islet, Fritzner s.v.: a giant is in poetry called hraun-búi, -drengr, -hvalr, -skjöldungr, = the dweller, hero, whale, king of the wilderness, Hým., Hkv. Hjörv., Haustl., Fas. ii. 306.

B. In volcanic Iceland the word came to mean a lava field when cold, a burnt place (not the fresh glowing lava), freq. in the Sagas as well as in mod. usage, Bjarn. 36, 52, Nj. 248, Grág. ii. 282, Landn. 280, Hrafn. 26, Eb. 132-138, Bs. i. 540; um hvat reiddusk goðin, er hér brann hraunit er nú stöndum vér á (Bs. i. 22), the famous words of Snorri in the parliament of A.D. 1000; the place of the alþingi being a burnt out lava field. II. in Icel. local names freq., Hraun, Hraun-dalr, -fjörðr, -gerði, -holt, -höfn, etc., Landn.: esp. in relation to fields of lava, Borgar-hraun, id.; Berserkja-hraun, Eb.; Beruvíkr-hraun, Bjarn.; Staðar-hraun in Mýra-sýsla; Garða-hraun near Reykjavík, etc.: Ódáða-hraun, the wilderness in the inner part of Icel. (see Ísl. Þjóðs.), which was supposed to be peopled by miscreants and outlaws. COMPDS: Hraun-dælir, m. pl. the men from Hraundalr. Hraun-firðingr, m. a man from Hraunfjörðr, Landn. Hraun-gerðingr, m. a man from Hraungerði, id. Hrauns-verjar, m. pl. the men from Hraun, Bs. i. 643. 2. as appell., hraun-gata, u, f. a path through a hraun, Bjarn. 36, Pr. 411. hraun-gjóta, u, f. a lava pit or hole. hraun-grýti, n. lava rocks. hraun-klettr, m. a lava crag, Sks. 127. hraun-skeggi, a, m. a hraun dweller, Fs. 155; cp. eyjarskeggi.

UNCERTAIN The whole of Icel. may be said to be a burnt out lava field, from eruptions previous to the peopling of the country. The following eruptions which have happened since the settlement, beside those of Hekla (q.v.), are mentioned in writers previous to A.D. 1430 :-- an eruption in Borgar-hraun in Mýra-sýsla about the beginning of the 10th century, Landn. 2. ch. 5; in Ölfus A.D. 1000, Kristni S. ch. 11; in the sea about Reykjanes A.D. 1211, 1226, 1238, 1240, 1422, Ann. s.a.: but esp. in the southern glaciers in Trölla-dingjur A.D. 1151, 1188; in Sólheima-jökull A.D. 1245, 1262; in Síða A.D. 1332; in Hnappafells-jökull A.D. 1332, 1350; in Herðubreið etc. A.D. 1340; in three places in Skaptafells-sýsla A.D. 1362, -- the great eruption which destroyed the church in Rauðilækr; in Höfðár-jökull A.D. 1416, see Ísl. Ann. In later centuries the greatest eruptions are those of the Kötlu-gjá in 1755, and esp. the terrible eruption of Skaptár-jökull on the 20th of June, 1783. In this century that of Eyjafjalla-jökull, 1821.

hraung, f. = hrang, q.v.

hraunóttr, adj. rugged, Orkn. 208 (in a Norse landscape).

hraust-leikr, m. and hraust-leiki, a, m. prowess, gallantry, Bær. 20, Fms. iii. 3, xi. 375; frægða, frama-verka ok hraustleika (gen.), Fb. ii. 136, passim.

hraust-liga, adv. valiantly, doughtily, Fms. i. 88, v. 318, Post. 645. 87.

hraust-ligr, adj. bold, valiant, manly, 655 ii. 1, Nj. 204: medic. strong-looking.

hraust-mannligr, adj. = hraustligr, Hkr. iii. 427, v.l.

hraust-menni, n. a stout, strong man, Fs. 128, Finnb. 326.

HRAUSTR, adj. [Germ. rüstig], strong, valiant, doughty, of a warrior, Ísl. ii. 264, 366, Fms. i. 52, iv. 122, vi. 3, vii. 4, Ld. 46, Ó. H. 218, Anal. 169, Eb. 148, and passim. 2. strong, hearty; hann var þá hniginn nokkut ok þó hinn hraustasti ok vel hress, Ld. 56; gamall ok þó h., Fs. 156; heill ok h., hale and hearty, Grág. i. 163, Fb. ii. 383; var hón þá enn hraust kona, Ísl. ii. 453; mun þá eigi hraust kona íllum manni gefin, Sd. 150; ú-hraustr, weak, invalid.

hrá-blautr, adj. raw, of hides or the like, Fms. iii. 18, Stj. 416.

hrá-fiskr, m. a raw fish, Rb. 348.

hrái, a, m. crudeness.

HRÁKI, a, m. [cp. A. S. hraca = throat; Germ. rachen; also A. S. hræcan, Engl. to retch in vomiting, hawk in spitting] :-- spittle, Edda 19, 47 (mythical), Sks. 540, N. G. L. i. 339, K. Á. 6, Stj. 37, Mar. passim. hráka-skírn, f. baptism with spittle in lieu of water, 671. 16.

hrá-leikr, m. rawness, 677. 15.

HRÁR, hrá, hrátt, adj. [A. S. hreow = crudus, whence Engl. rough and raw; Germ. rauh; Dan. raa] :-- raw, only of meat or food; eta hrátt, Hkv. 2. 6, Hom. 84, Fbr. 97, Karl. 426; hrán fisk, Al. 171. 2. raw, fresh, sappy; góð jörð ok hrá, Edda 150 (pref.); hrár viðr, a sapling, young plant, Grág. ii. 298, Fb. i. 342, Skm. 32.

hrá-skinn, n. 'raw-skin:' -- but used (it is hard to say why) in the sense of a shelter, refuge; höfðu þeir hráskinn hjá feðrum sínum (v.l. hald ok traust), Fbr. 8; Guð, drottinn er minn styrkr ok stuðning, ok mitt ráskinn ok frjálsari, Stj. 51. hráskinns-leikr, m. a kind of game, 'hide and seek (?),' Bárð. 174.

hrá-slagi, a, m. dampness in houses.

hrá-viði, n. saplings, young plants; höggva sem h., Fas. i. 451, Þorf. Karl. (A. A.) 198; allt eins og kvistir af hretviðri hristir, á hráviðar-lauki, Hallgr.

hrá-þefr, m. the smell of a carcase, Barl. 151.

hrá-æti, n. raw food, Fbr. 72.

HREÐA, u, f., mod. form hræða, a bugbear, bogle; at jafnan myndi vera nokkurar hreður í Miðfirði ... hefir þar jafnan verit deilu-gjarnara en í öðrum héruðum, Þórð. 59 new Ed.; svá segir mér hugr um, at sjaldan muni hreðu-laust í þessu héraði, 22. 2. in mod. usage in western Icel. hræða or hreða means a scarecrow, whence metaph. hræða, a poor, harmless creature; as also, það sást eingin hræða, not a soul was to be seen. II. a nickname, Þórð.