This is page 300 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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300 HVERFI -- HVERR.

austr (we turn our faces towards the east) þá er vér biðjum fyrir oss, Hom.

156, 158. II. to enclose; h. garði um e-t, to enclose with a fence,

Gþl. 407 (garð-hverfa); himinn þann er hverfðr er útan um lopt öll, Fms.

v. 340; hverfðr við e-t, stirred so as to be blended with, Sdm. 18.

hverfi, n. a cluster of farms, such as almost to form a village, freq. in

Icel. local names, Fiskilækjar-hverfi, Skóga-h., Rangár-h., Ingólfshöfða-h.,

Fljóts-h., Landn.: metaph., vizku-h., the abode of wisdom = the breast,

Fbr. (in a verse); tanna-h., the 'tooth-abode,' i. e. the mouth, Kristni S.

(in a verse): a shelter, verða e-m at hverfi, Sturl. i. (in a verse).

hverfi-legr, adj. ugly, Nj. 147, v. 1.; whence mod. herfilegr (-liga),

q. v., wretched, miserable.

hverfing, f. turning, in sjón-h., eye-deceit, glamour.

hverfingi, a, m. a froward ERROR person, Post. 201.

hverfi-steinn, m. a grindstone, Vm. 177.

hverf-lyndi, n. 'turn-mind,' fickleness, Str. 61, Róm. 305.

hverf-lyndr, adj. shifty, fickle-minded, Rd. 295, Str. 26.

hverfr, adj. shifty; hverf haustgríma, Hm. 73; hverfr hugr, a shifty mind,

Sol. 31: crank, of a ship, freq. in mod. usage: also in the phrase, stýra

hverft, to steer wrong. Fas. ii. 178. 2. metaph., ráða hverft, to give

false counsel, Karl. III; fara hverft, t o s t a rt, stagger, as if . frightened,

Nj. 197, Sd. 154; whence the mod. verða hverft, to be startled, be fright-

ened: of clothes, rétt-hverfr, turning right; út-hverfr, turning outside;

as also út-hverfa, rétt-hverfa, u, f.

hverf-ráðr, adj. fickle, wavering, Fms. viii. 447, v. 1.

hverfull, adj. shifty, changeable, of things, Barl. 32, 97; ú-hverfull,

not shifty, abiding firm, hverfull-leiki, a, m. shiftiness, freq.

hvergi, pron., see hverrgi.

hvergi, adv. [see -gi, p. 199], nowhere; hann undi h., Landn. 174, Vsp.

3; áðr var h., before there was none anywhere, Íb. 16; sá þeir h. konung,

Fms. ii. 332; hvergi á bæjum, Sturl. iii. 55; h. annarsstaðar, nowhere

else, passim: with gen., hvergi lands, Helr. 9; hvergi jarðar né upphimins,

Þkv. 2; moldar h., Fas. i. 521 (in a verse), Merl. 1. 59. II. metaph.

in no manner, by no means, not at all; uggum hvergi, be not afraid!

Kormak; varðar honum slíkt sem hvergi sé léð, Grág. i. 438; ef þú

bregðr h. af, Nj. 31; at þeir skyldu h. at göra, 189; hvergi á fé at taka

frá kirkju, K. Þ. K. 20 new Ed.: fara hvergi, to 'fare nowhere,' to stay

at home, 9 new Ed., Fms. i. 10; ek vil hvergi fara, I shall not go

at all, Ísl. ii. 32; vil ek at hvergi sé eptir riðit, nopursuit, 358;

vera hvergi færr, to be quite unable to go, Eg. 107, Hkr. i. 269, Ó. H.

128. 2. with compar.; þat þykki mér hvergi úvænna, Fms. xi. 94;

h. úframar, noways inferior, 48; h. betr, no better, Bs. i. 633; hvergi

nær (mod. hvergi nærri), nowhere near, far from it, Eg. III. 3.

alls hvergi, not at all, Grág. i. 141; hvar nema alls hvergi, where but

nowhere, Ísl. ii. 236.

hverigr, adj., see hverrgi.

HVERN or hvörn, f. [proncd. kvörn or kvern, but distinction is

to be made between kvern, mola, and hvern, cerebrum; for in the latter

word h is the true initial, as is shewn by comparison with Ulf. hwairnei

= GREEK , Mark xv. 22; Scot, harns; Germ, hirn; Swed. hjerna; Dan.

hjerne, which stand in the same relation to hvern as hjól to hvel] :-- the

two boat-formed white bones embedded in a fish's brains. These bones, as

well as shells, are in Icel. collected and used by children in the game of

guessing, as nuts etc. are in England; hann lauk þá upp höfuðskeljum

mannanna, og tók hnefa-fylli úr hverju höfði og hugði vandliga að;

eintómar hvarnir, og ekki nema tvær í þorsk-kindinni, Fjölnir (1845)

52. hvarnar-skeljar, f. pl. = hvarnir.

hverna, u, f. [hverr, m.], a pan, basin, Nikd. 28.

hvernig, qs. hvernveg, [see hverr], interrog. direct and indirect; the

forms vary, hverneg or hvernig, Eg. 19 A, 106, 123, 292, 394, Hkr.

i. 170, 287, Korm. 130, 148, Glúm. 327, Band. 18 new Ed., passim:

hvernog or hvernug, Orkn. 83 (v. 1.), Hkr. i. 120, 347, Al. 63, 65,

and passim in old MSS.: the mod. form is hvernin, proncd. hvurinn

or kvurninn, qs. hvernveginn, from vegr with the article, which form

is also now and then found in old MSS., Fs. 105 (MS. Arna-Magn. 132),

Bs. Hungrv. passim, as also later MSS. :-- how? in what way? the refer-

ences passim.

HVERR, m., pl. hverar: I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringl-

óttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda

168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af

hvera, Gm. 42,= mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill

and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook,

Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir,

m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda. II. metaph.

in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it

is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141

(hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west

the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the

north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637;

Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Bað-

stofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798;

whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbour-

hood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. 1294; Grafar-hver, 890-

Reykjaness-hverar, 895, (whence Hver-holmr, the name of a holm);

the springs in Krísuvík, 897; the hverar in Reykja-holt and Reykja-dalr:

they are found even in glaciers, as in Torfa-jökull, 766. COMPDS;

hvera-fuglar, m. pl. fabulous birds, Eggert Itin. 890. hvera-hella,

u, f. = hverahrúðr, Itin. 142. hvera-hrúðr, m. the tophus or tuf-stone

deposited by hot springs, Itin. 145. hvera-leir, m. a kind of lime

Itin. 127. hvera-slý, n. the soft pulp deposited by hot springs, Itin.

109. hvera-steinar, m. pl. a kind of tuf-stone, Itin. 660. hvera-

vatn, n. water from a hver. For old dried up hverar see Itin. 295; cp.

also the remarks s. v. Geysir and Ann. 1294. From hvera-lundr in

Vsp. an Icel. origin of this poem is suggested by Prof. Bergmann in his

Poëmes Islandaises, Paris 1838, p. 183, as the verse seems to refer to

volcanic agencies.

HVERR, pron. interrog. and indef.; at the present day proncd. hvur,

with u throughout, and in mod. printed books usually spelt hvör, a form

no doubt derived from the dual hvárr (hvorr), used in a plur. sense: for

its declension, see Gramm. p. xxi; an acc. hverjan, Hým. 39; hverjan

morgin, Vsp. 22, Fb. ii. 71 (in a verse); hverjan dag, Vþm. 11, 18, 23, 41,

Gm. 8, 14, 20, 29; hverjan veg, Vþm. 18; whence the contracted form

hvern. [The Gothic has a threefold interrog. pron., a sing, hwas, hwo,

hwa; a dual, hwaþar; and a plur. hwarjis, hwarja, hwarjata. To the

first of these pronouns answers the old Icel. form hvar, A. S. hwa, Scot.

who, Engl. who, Swed. ho, Dan. hvo, cp. Lat. quis; but this pronoun is defec-

tive, and remains only in the neut. hvat, q. v., Ulf. hwa, A. S. hwat, Engl.

what, Germ, was, Dan. -Swed. hvad, Lat. quid: the dat. masc. hveim is

obsolete, Goth, hvamme, Engl. whom, Dan. hvem: the dat. hvi (see

hvat II, III): a nom. masc. hvar (hva-r) seems to be used a few

times in old MSS. (e. g. Kb. of the Grágás), but it is uncertain, as the

word is usually abbreviated UNCERTAIN or UNCERTAIN : a gen. sing, hves (Goth, hwes,

North. E. whese) occurs, hves lengra, how much farther? Hom. (St.) 50;

til hves, to what? 65: possibly the GREEK hós, Ls. 33, is a remnant of

the old gen. To the Goth, dual answers the Icel. hvárr (hvaðarr), q. v.

To the Goth. plur. answers the Icel. hverr, with characteristic j, which

is used in sing, and plur. alike. In the neut. sing, the two forms, hvat

and hvert, are distinguished thus, that hvat (hvað) is interrog., hvert

indef., e. g. hvað barn, what bairn ? but hvert barn, every bairn.]

A. Interrogative, = Lat. quis, quae, quid? who, what, which ? as sub-

stantive and adjective, direct and indirect; hvers fregnit mik? Vsp. 22;

hverjar ro þær meyjar ? Vþm. 48; hverir æsir ? 30, Fsm. 8, 34; hverr er

sá enn eini? Fas. ii. 529; hverir hafa tekið ofan skjöldu vára? Nj. 68;

hverju skal launa kvæðit? Ísl. ii. 230; hverr er sá maðr? Fms. ii. 269;

telja til hvers hann hafði neytt eði hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155; spyrja

hverja þeir vilja kveðja, ii. 24; kveða á þingmörk hver eru, i. 100;

(segja) hverjar guðsifjar með þeim eru, 30; hugsa til hvers þú munt færr

verða, Fms. i. 83; vita hverr þú ert, ii. 269; vita hvert biðja skal, Edda;

þeir þóttusk sjá til hvers aetlað var, Fms. ix. 461; eigi veit ek til hvers

ek má ætla, Bs. i. 541; hón segir honum hvers efni í eru, how matters

stood, 539; þeir vissu hverju hann ætlaði fram at fara, Fms. i. 291;

hann segir hverrar ættar Ólafr var, 81; sögðu með hverju (erendi) þeir

höfðu farit, Eg. 281. 2. with the notion of Lat. qualis; en hvat

kemr þér í hug, hverr (qualis) ek muna vera þeim Írum, ef ? ..., Fas. ii.

529; þeim þótti úsýnt hverr friðr gefinn væri, Fms. v. 24; sá einn veit,

hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17.

B. Indefinite pronoun, = Lat. quisque, every one, each, used both as

substantive and as adjective: 1. as subst.; with gen., þat sæti ætlaði sér

hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; manna, seggja, lýða, gumna hverr, every one of

the men, every man, Hm. 14, 17, 53-55, Sól. 49; fróðra hverr, every wise

man, Hm. 7; ráðsnotra hverr, 63: absol., as in the sayings, hverr er sjálfum

sér næstr; bærr er hverr at ráða sínu; djarfr er hverrum deildan verð; fróðr er

hverr fregnvíss; hverr er sinnar hamingju smiðr; dauðr verðr hverr, Hallfred;

hail er heima hverr, Hm.; kveðr hverr sinnar þurftar: lét harm þar tala

um hvern þat er vildi, Eb. and passim: with a possess, pron., ef sér ferr

hverr várr, each of us, Glúm. 329. 2. as adj., á hverju þingi, Hkr. ii.

300; hverjan dag, every day, Vsp., Vþm., Gm.; í hverri tíð, at any time,

Hom. 112; hver undr, Fs. 115; hverjum manni, Nj. 6; meiri ok sterkari

hverjum manni, Hkr. i. 148; hver spurning liítr til svara, Sks. 307; hverr

gumi, Hm. 13, passim. 3. as adv., í hverju, evermore; veðrit óx í

hverju, Fms. vi. 379; þykir harðna sambúðin í hverju, grew ever worse

and worse, xi. 441; veðrit óx í hverri, Skáld. H. 4. 14. II. any;

fyrir utan hverja hjálp, Hom. 159: esp. if following after a compar., es

meiri fögnuðr boðinn á þessi tíð en á hverri annarri, Hom. (St.); hefir

þetta með meirum fádæmum gengit heldr en hvert annarra, Band. 33

new Ed. III. adding the relat. particle er or sem, whosoever, which-

soever, whatsoever; hvers sem við þarf, Fms. i. 306; þá á þá sök hverr

er vill, Grág. i. 10; hverr er svá er spakr, Hom. 2; hverju sinni er,

whensoever, Str. 27 and passim. IV. with another pron. or adj.;

hverr at öðrum, one after another, Eg. 91, Fs. 158; hvert at öðru, Fas.

ii. 556; hvert sumar frá öðru, Grág. i. 92; hverja nótt eptir aðra, Þiðr.

53, 150; at öðru hverju, now and then, adverbially; hverir tveir, every

two and two, by twos, Fms. iv. 299; þriðja hvert ár, every three years,