This is page 309 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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HÖGGORMABIT -- HÖLL. 309

26, Skálda 176, Edda 37, Stj. 28, passim. COMPDS: höggorma-bit, n. a viper's bite. höggorms-tönn, f. a viper's tooth.

högg-orrosta, u, f. a close fight, Eg. 231, Fms. vi. 78, passim.

högg-ró, usually spelt hugró, f. a clinch on a sword's hilt, Edda (Gl.), Fms. i. 177, Hkr. i. 238, Þórð. 75: name of a ship, Fms. viii: in Hkv. Hjörv. the true reading is prob., hugró í hjalti, ... önn er í oddi, for the MS. reading 'hugr er í hjalti' yields no meaning; hugró and önn (q.v.) were parts of the sword.

högg-rúm, n. room to draw a sword, Þórð. 47, Eg. 492.

högg-sax, n. a kind of hatchet, Fbr. 58.

högg-skógr, m. [Dan. skovhugst], felled trees; þat er h. er menn höggva upp, Grág. ii. 264.

högg-sledda, u, f. = höggsax, Safn i. 689.

högg-spjót, n. a kind of halberd, Fms. iv. 338, vi. 113, vii. 143, Fær. 207, Eg. 374, 378, = kesja.

högg-staðr, m. a place for a blow, Eg. 507, Fms. vi. 99, vii. 290, viii. 404, Hkr. iii. 165.

högg-stokkr, m. a chopping-block, Ó. H. 117: a block for execution.

HÖGGVA, also spelt heyggva, Sæm. (Kb.); pres. höggr, mod. also heggr; pl. höggum, mod. höggvum; pret. hjó, hjótt, hjó, mod. hjó, hjóst, hjó; pl. hjoggum and hjuggum, mod. only the latter form; a Norse pret. hjoggi = hjó, D. N. ii. 331; pret. subj. hjöggi and heyggi, mod. hjyggi; part. högginn, mod. but less correct, höggvinn, which also is freq. in the Editions; but in the MSS. usually abbreviated, hög&g-long;, höggt UNCERTAIN, = högginn, höggit: [not recorded in Ulf.; A. S. heawan; Engl. hew, hack; Hel. hauwan; O. H. G. houwan; Germ. hauen; Dan. hugge; Swed. hugga] :-- höggva denotes to strike with an edged tool, slá and drepa with a blunt one: 1. to strike, smite with a sharp weapon; höggr sá er hlífa skyldi, he strikes who ought to shield, a saying: to deal blows with a weapon, hann görði ymist hjó eða lagði, Nj. 8; hann hjó títt ok hart, passim; höggva báðum höndum, 29; h. sverði, öxi, strike with, i.e. to brandish, a sword, axe, Fms. v. 168, Gs. 6; h. til e-s, to deal a blow to one, smite, Grág. ii. 7, Al. 78; h. e-n bana-högg, to smite with a deathblow, Eg. 220: to cut down, destroy, þeir hjuggu drekann mjök, Fms. vii. 249: to maim, ef maðr höggr hund eða björn til háðungar manni, Grág. ii. 121; h. rauf á hjálmi, Al. 78: the phrases, h. sik í lends manns rétt, Fms. ix. 399: spec. phrases, höggðú allra manna armastr, nú hjóttu Noreg ór hendi mér! Ek þóttumk nú Noreg í hönd þér höggva, Ó. H. 184. 2. to put to death, behead, Fms. vii. 250, 251, xi. 148-152: to kill, högg þú hestinn, Nj. 92: to kill cattle, slaughter, h. bú, búfé, kýr, geitr, naut, Landn. 293, Eg. 532, Fms. vi. 95, xi. 123, Fb. i. 186: höggva strandhögg, Eg. 81. 3. to fell trees; höggva skög, Grág. ii. 294; h. keyrivönd, id.: absol., hann hefir höggit í skógi mínum, Nj. 98, passim: to cut grass (rarely), ef maðr höggr hey á hlut annars manns, N. G. L. ii. 112; upp höggvit gras, cut grass, Dipl. iv. 9, Jm. 7, (else always slá of mowing.) 4. to bite, of snakes (högg-ormr); Miðgarðsormr hjó hann til bana, Edda 155; naðran hjó fyrir flagbrjóskat, 76: of a wound from a boar's tusk, ef svín höggr mann, Gþl. 190: the phrase, h. hest sporum, to prick a horse with the spur, Mag. 9. II. with prepp.; höggva af, to hew or cut off; h. af kampa ok skegg, to cut off the beard, K. Þ. K.; h. af lim, Sks. 555; to kill, slaughter, h. af fé, Ld. 64; höggva af sér, to parry off, Fms. v. 13 :-- h. niðr, to cut down, i. 38; to kill, butcher, vii. 261, Orkn. 120; hjuggu þeir niðr mungát sitt (by cutting casks to pieces), Fms. vii. 249 :-- h. upp, to cut down a tree, Greg. 48, Matth. iii. 10; h. upp skip, to break a ship up, Fms. iii. 228, ix. 381; h. upp hús, to break a house up, viii. 166 :-- h. ór, to cut out, metaph. to make even; vóru margar greinir þær er ór þurfti at h. milli biskups ok leikmanna, Bs. i. 751; láta konung ok erkibiskup ór h. (smooth) sagðar greinir, 773. III. reflex. to be cut, hacked; hjósk skjöldr Helga, Dropl. 24. 2. recipr. to exchange blows, fight; þeir hjuggusk nokkura stund, Háv. 56; þeir h. til í ákafa, Bret. 74. 3. metaph., höggvask í mitt mál, to begin abruptly, in the middle of a sentence; taka heldr at upphafi til, en höggvask í mitt mál, Landn. 275, v.l.; ef enn höggsk nokkurr í ok mælir svá, cuts in, objects, Skálda 168: þótti honum nú taka mjök um at höggvask, things looked hard, Grett. 142; þótti honum hart um höggvask, Bs. i. 423.

höggvandi, a, m., part. a hewer, as a nickname, Fms. xi. 115: a headsman, Post. 645. 65.

högg-vápn, n. a cutlass, Eg. 580, Fms. vi. 158.

höggvin-kinni, a, m. cut cheek, a nickname, Landn.

HÖGLD, f., pl. hagldir, a kind of buckle (shaped like ∞), commonly made of horn, used to run the rope through with which hay is trussed: hann tekr reip á tíu hesta ok leysir af hagldir, Fb. i. 523: in metaph. phrases, hann þóttisk nú hafa hagldir fengit á sínum málum, Bs. i. 730; and the mod. phrase, hafa bæði töglin ok hagldirnar, to have it all one's own way. haglda-brauð, n. buckle-gingerbread.

högldungr, m. = högld. högldungs-reip, n. a rope with buckles; kirkja á tíu högldungsreip, Vm. 177.

högni, a, m. a tom cat, freq. in mod. usage. II. a pr. name, mid. H. G. Hagene, Landn.

hökta, t, to limp, Bárð. 167; h. kyrr, Fas. ii. 369.

höku-, see haka.

hökul-brækr, f. pl., also by dropping the aspirate, ökul-brækr, Fas. iii. 41 :-- 'cloak-breeks,' a kind of dress, perhaps like a Highlander's kilt, prob. derived from hökull, hekla, and not from ökla, an ankle; it is used of beggarly attire, Ísl. (Kjaln. S.) ii. 417, Fas. iii. 41.

HÖKULL, m., dat. hökli, [Ulf. renders by hakul the Gr. GREEK, i.e. GREEK, Lat. paenula, a mantle, 2 Tim. iv. 13; A. S. hacela; O. H. G. hachul; old Fr. hekil; Dan. messe-hagel; akin to hekla, q.v.] :-- a priest's cope; purpura-h., Bs. i. 67; hann hafð ok út pell þat er h. sá er úr görr er Skarbendingr heitir, 77, Vm. 13, 92, Fms. iii. 168, viii. 197, D. I. passim.

hökul-lauss, adj. 'cope-less,' without a cope, Vm. 22.

hökul-skúaðr, part., prob. wearing a kilt and brogues like a Highlander, Fms. ix. 512; this word is also, in the various MSS. to l.c., spelt with or without the h, see Fb. iii. 151 (ökulskoðr).

höku-nótt, f. mid-winter night, about the time of Epiphany, when the heathen Yule began; a GREEK: hann setti þat í lögum at hefja Jólahald sem Kristnir menn ..., en áðr var Jóla-hald hafit Hökunótt, þat var miðsvetrar-nótt (thus in Fms. i. 32, l.c.), ok haldin þriggja (þrettán?) nátta Jól, Hkr. i. 138 (Hák. S. Aðalst. ch. 15). The Scot. hogmaney, = the last day of the year or a feast given on that day, is a remnant of this ancient word. The heathen Yule seems among the Scandinavians to have been celebrated about three weeks later than Christmas; but the Norse king Hakon, who had been brought up in Christian England, altered the time of the festival, so as to make it correspond with the English Yule or Christmas; and so the heathen hökunótt came to represent our Christmas Eve. The etymology is not known.

höld-borinn, part. born of a höld (see höldr), enjoying a höld's right, Hdl. 11, 16, N. G. L. i. 346.

höld-maðr, m. = höldr, N. G. L. i. 44, 55, 71, 175.

HÖLDR, m., in old MSS. spelt h&avlig;lðr or h&avlig;lþr, denoting that the d is inflexive, not radical; [the word therefore is not to be derived from halda, but is identical with A. S. hæleð, Germ. held, whence mod. Swed. and Dan. hjälta and helt, see halr] :-- a Norse law term, a kind of higher yeoman, like the statesman of Westmorland, i.e. the owner of allodial land, mod. Norse odelsbonde; the höld is to be distinguished from a hersir (q.v.) or a lendr maðr, who held land in fee from the king, see the interesting story in Har. S. Harðr. ch. 62 (Fms. vi. 278); the höld is thus defined, sá er h&avlig;ldr er hann hefir óðöl at erfðum tekit bæði eptir föður ok móður, þau er hans forellrar (forefathers) hafa átt áðr fyrir þeim, N. G. L. ii. 146; hölda tvá eða bændr ina beztu, i. 251. In old Norway the churchyards were divided into four parts; in the first were buried the lendir menn, next them the hölds and their children (hölds-lega), then the freed men (leysingjar), and lastly the thralls (man, q.v.) nearest to the wall; the höld had right to twice as much as the simple franklin, and half as much as the lendr maðr, e.g. bóandi hálvan annan eyri, höldr þrjá aura, lendr maðr sex aura, jarl tólf aura, konungr þrjár merkr, N. G. L. i. 45, cp. 55, 71, 81; þegnar ok h&avlig;lðar, svá eru búendr kallaðir, Edda 107; haulðar, þat er búendr þeir, er gildir eru af ættum eða réttum fullum, 94; Björn hlaut annan bústað góðan ok virðilegan, görðisk hann ekki handgenginn konungi, því var hann kallaðr Björn hölðr, Eg. 198; lends manns son skal taka hölds rétt ef hann fær eigi lönd, N. G. L. i. 71; hann veltisk ór jarldóminum ok tók hölds rétt, Orkn. 12: for the weregild to be paid for a höld (hölds-gjöld) see N. G. L. i. 81: a law of king St. Olave ordered that Icelanders whilst in Norway should enjoy the right of a höld; Íslendingar eigu at hafa hölds-rétt í Noregi, D. I. i. 65. 2. in poetry, a man, Hm. 41; hölda synir, the sons of men, 93, Fm. 19, Hkr. i. 101, where the mother of Ganger-Rolf calls him 'the kinsman of the hölds,' cp. also Rm. 21, Gs. 17; h. inn hvíti, Ísl. ii. 251 (in a verse): in mod. Icel. usage it remains in bú-höldr, q.v.

hölfa, að, see hválfa.

Hölgi, a, m. a pr. name, in the Hb. spelt Hœlgi; this is the old Norse form, whereas the old and mod. Icel. form is Helgi, and of a woman, Helga, u, f., Landn.; prob. contracted from Hálogi, cp. the Dan. Holger and Russian Olga: Hölgi was the name of a mythol. king, Edda 83, whence Hölga-brúðr, f. the bride of Hölgi, or Hölga-tröll, n. (Skálda 168, Fms. xi. 134), the giantess of H.: hölda-brúðr and hörga-brúðr are less correct forms, Nj. 131 (v.l.), Fb. i. 213; for the various readings in different MSS. see Jóms S. ch. 44, Nj. ch. 89: this is the name of two weird sisters worshipped by the earls of Hlaðir; the passage in Skálda l.c. refers to some lost myth concerning these sisters.

HÖLKN, n. a rough stony field, almost = hraun, q.v.; á hölkni einu, Fas. iii. 625; hann setsk niðr á hölknit fyrir ofan búðirnar, Ld. 290 (v.l. hraunit); þá er undir svá hart sem hölkn, Hrafn. 26; hölkn eða hreysar, N. G. L. i. 38; í fjöru eða á hœlkn, ii. 111, 146, Hým. 24; um hölkn ok skóga, Karl. 243: in local names, Hölkna-heiðr, see the map of Icel.

hölkvir, m., poët. a horse, Edda (Gl.); h. hvílbeðjar, poët. a clothes' horse, cp. Dan. sænge-hest (?), Akv. 31; gólf-h., a 'closet-horse,' poët. a house, Bragi; borð-h., a 'board-hobby,' a ship, Lex. Poët. II. the name of a mythol. steed, Edda.

HÖLL, f., gen. hallar, often spelt hall without umlaut, Fb. i. 212,