This is page 327 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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JÓRSALAFÉ -- JARÐARMEN. 327

Sigurðr J., Fms. vii; Björn J., Ann. Jórsala-fé, -gjöf, -tíund, f. a Jerusalem fee, penny, tithe (referring to the Crusades), Fms., Ann., Sks., Bs., Rb., Hom. passim. Jórsala-ferð, -för, f. a journey to J. Jórsala-haf, n. the sea of J. = the Mediterranean. Jórsala-heimr, m., -land, -ríki, n. the land of J. = Palestine. Jórsala-konungr, m. the king of J. Jórsala-menn, -lýðr, m. the people of J.

jórtr, m. rumination, of animals: jórtr-dýr, -kvikendi, n. ruminating animals.

JÓRTRA, að, prob. qs. jótra, from jótr (q.v.), to ruminate, Stj. 316 :-- jórtruð húð, a rugged hide, rough as an animal's maw, Fas. iii. (in a verse).

Jór-vík, also in later writers Jórk, contr. from A. S. Eoforwic, York (Lat. Ebor&a-short;cum), Fms.

Jótar, m. pl. the Jutes, a Dan. tribe. Jótland, n. Jutland: Jótlands-haf, n. the Cattegat: Jótlands-síða, u, f. the west coast of Jutland, Fms., Eg.

JÓTR, m., gen. jótrs, Þd. 17, a canine tooth, Edda (Gl.): medic., andlits mein (face disease) þat er menn kalla jótr, similar to gaddr (q.v.) in sheep, Bs. i. 611.

Jótskr, adj. Jutish, from Jutland, Fms.

juð, n. a maundering.

juða, að, to maunder; vertu ekki að juða! (slang.)

jukk, n. a mess, medley; allt í jukki, all in a mess.

jula, u, f. a yawl, (mod.)

jung-frú, f., junk-frú, Fms. x. 86, v.l.; jung-frúva, Mork. 14; whence the mod. jóm-frú, Dan. jomfru; both words are foreign and derived from Germ. jungfrau, as is shewn by the initial j; the word however appears in the 13th century, mostly in the sense of a princess, esp. those of foreign birth, as in Fms. vi. 59, 132, of a Saxon and Russian princess; but also jungfrú Margrét, of a daughter of Skúli hertogi, ix. 292, 412; jungfrú Kristín, 220, of an earl's daughter; but esp. in the Hák. S. Gamla (Fms. ix, x), passim: of the Virgin Mary, Dipl. ii. 14, B. K. 83. jungfrú-aldr, m. maiden age, time of maidenhood, Stj.

jungfrú-dómr, mod. jómfrúr-dómr, m. maidenhood, Clar.

jungfrú-ligr, adj. maiden-like, Mar.

jung-herra, m., or junkeri, a, m., the Germ. jungherr, junker, prop. a young lord, in old writers esp. used of a prince, Fms. vi. 51, Magn. 462, Ann., Fms. ix. passim, Fas. iii. 358.

jung-ligr, adj. = ungligr, Fb. ii. 538.

jung-menni, n. a young man, Barl. 112, 156.

jungr, adj. young ( = ungr); this Germanized form is freq. in some MSS. of the 14th and 15th centuries (see Fb. pref. xxii), as also in ballads (rímur) of that time (Skíða R. 199, Þrymlur 7), but was afterwards disused, and never took root in the spoken language.

JURT, f., later urt, which forms also occur in old writers, Al. 85, Hom. 53, no doubt a borrowed word from the Germ. or Saxon; the j being a substitute for the Germ. w, which cannot be sounded in Icel. before the letter u; [A. S. wyrt; Engl. wort; O. H. G. wurz; Germ. würze; Dan. urt] :-- aromatic herbs, used to season wine, dishes, ointment; in old writers only in that sense, whereas in mod. usage = a herb; smyrsl ok jurtir, Magn. 430; smyrja með dýrustum jurtum, Al. 30; skaltú laugask ok smyrja þik ágætum jurtum, Stj. 423; dýrligra urta, Eluc. 53; dýrar jurtir, Fas. iii. 359; allar þær urtir er bezt ilma, Al. 85; ágætar jurtir, Bs. i. 258; krydd ok jurtir, Stj. 194; ilmandi urtir, Hom. 53. II. mod. a herb; grösin og jurtir grænar, Hallgr. COMPDS: jurta-garðr, m. [Dan. urtegaard], a garden of herbs, a kitchen-garden. jurta-klefi, a, m. a room for spices, Stj. 205. jurtar-legr, adj. spicy, Stj. 74. jurta-teinungr, m. a stick of spice, Stj. 74: but, mat-jurtir, herbs, garden stuff (mod.); matjurta-bók, a book about herbs.

justa, u, f. [for. word; justa, Du Gauge], a kind of measure for liquids, four justur making a bolli (q.v.), Gþl. 525, MS. 732. 16 (of a vessel), Nj. 43.

justis, m. [for. word], justice, H. E. i. 503, Thom.

jú, adv. [cp. Dan. jo; O. H. G. jû; Germ. je], yes; jú jú, yea yea; ó-jú, id. (convers.)

Júdi, a, m. a Jew, Lat. Judaeus, (rare); cp. Gyðingr.

JÚGR, n. [Engl. udder; North. E. yure or yower; Germ. euter; Dan. yver; Swed. jur; Gr. GREEK; Lat. uber] :-- an udder, Bs. i. 194, Fb. ii. 165, freq. in mod. usage; þvíað stálmi var farinn að koma í júgrin, Od. ix. 440. júgr-bólga, u, f., júgr-mein, n. an udder disease.

júg-tanni, a, m., qs. jótr-tanni (?), 'tusk-tooth,' poët. for a bear, Korm., Lex. Poët.

júr, yes, Skálda 163, Art. 126; see jaur.

júristi, a, m. [for. word], a lawyer, Bs. i. Laur. S.

jæ-ja, interj. aye aye! yes! denoting hesitation, Piltr og Stúlka 8.

jöfnuðr, m. equity; see jafnaðr.

JÖFURR, m., dat. jöfri, pl. jöfrar: I. [A. S. eofor; O. H. G. epar; Germ. eber; Lat. aper] :-- a wild boar; but it occurs in this sense only twice or thrice in poetry, Merl. 1. 39, Gkv. 2. 24. II. metaph. a king, warrior, prob. from the custom of wearing boar's heads as helmets, cp. A. S. eofor-cumbol and Hildigöltr; jöfurr in this sense is not used in prose, but is freq. in old poetry, even in poems as old as the Ýt., see Lex. Poët. Sense I. is unknown to the Scandin., and sense II. to the Teut. languages.

jöklaðr, part. covered with icicles, Sks. 229, of the beard.

jökul-barinn, part. storm-beaten, stiffened with ice, Lv. 86.

jökul-hlaup, n. an 'ice-leap,' ravine.

jökul-kaldr, adj. ice-cold, Flóv.

JÖKULL, m., dat. jökli, pl. jöklar, prop. a dimin. from jaki, q.v.; [A. S. gicel, i.e. îs-gicel, whence Engl. icicle; Low Germ. jokel] :-- an icicle; gékk inn í sal, glumdu jöklar, var karls er kom kinnskógr frörinn, Hým. 10, of the icicles in the giant's beard; síðan tóku þeir jöklana ok bræddu, Fms. ix. 155: so also in poët. phrases, where silver is called jökull handar or mund-jökull, the icicle of the hand, Hallfred, Lex. Poët.: as also böðvar-j., the war-icicle = the sword, or sár-j., the wound-icicle, see Lex. Poët. II. a metaph. sense, ice, gener.; vatnið snýsk í jökul, Sks. 196; settu þeir þat upp með öllum sjánum sem í var ok jöklinum, en þat var mjök sýlt, i.e. they launched the ship with all the ice in it, Grett. 125: snjór ok jökull, Sks. jökla-gangr, m. an ice-drift, Grett. 132 new Ed. 2. in specific Icel. sense, a glacier; this sense the Icelanders probably derived from the Norse county Hardanger, which is the only county of Norway in which Jökul appears as a local name, see Munch's Norg. Beskr.; in Icel. it is used all over the country both as an appellative and in local names, whereas the primitive sense (icicle) is quite lost, Fs., Fb., Eg. 133, Nj. 208, passim. 3. in local names, Ball-jökull, Eyjafjalla-j., Snæfells-j., Vatna-j., Mýrdals-j., Öræfa-j., Dranga-j., Langi-j., Eireks-j., etc., see the map of Icel.; the glaciers of the Icel. colony in Greenland are also called jökuls: of rivers, Jökuls-á, f. Ice-water; Jökuls-dalr, m. Ice-water-dale; Jökla-menn, m. pl. the men from the county Jökul (i.e. Snæfells-jökull), Sturl. ii. 158; Jöklamanna-búð and goðorð, see búð and goðorð.

jökul-vatn, n. ice-water from a glacier, Fas. iii. 570, Mar.

jökul-vetr, n. an icy, hard winter, Ann. 1233.

JÖRÐ, f., gen. jarðar; dat. jörðu, mod. also jörð; pl. jarðir; in old writers dat. and acc. are carefully distinguished; in mod. prose and conversation the apocopated dative is mostly used, whereas the poets use either form, as is most convenient for the flow of the verse and the metre, as in the Passion hymns, α. the full form; og hindra gjörðu, | Guðs dýrðarljós svo lýsi mér á lifandi manna jörðu, 9. 9; merk að úr jörðu mátti ei neinn, 46. 10; hróp og háreysti gjörðu ... | kringum krossinn á jörðu, 39. 7; nakinn Jesum á jörðu ... | með heiptar sinni hörðu, 33. 4; Lausnarinn niðr á jörðu, 34. 1; blóðsveitinn þinn eg bið mér sé, | blessan og vernd á jörðunni, 3. 12; eins hér á jörðu upp frá því, 21. 10; þó leggist lík í jörðu ... | hún mætir aldrei hörðu, Hallgr. β. the apocopated form; en Jesú hlýðni aptr hér, allri jörð blessan færir, Pass. 24. 6; heiðr, lof, dýrð á himni og jörð | hjártanleg ástar þakkar-gjörð, 3. 18; þó heiðarleg sé hér á jörð | holdi útvaldra líkför gjörð, 49. 14; ef hér á jörð er hróp og háð, 14. 16; hvað göra þeir sem hér á jörð | hafa að spotti Drottins orð, 10: [Goth. airþa; A. S. eorde; Hel. ertha; old Scot. yearthe; Engl. earth: O. H. G. erda; Germ. erde; Dutch aarde; Fris. irth; Swed.-Dan. jord.]

A. The earth; jörð ok himin, Nj. 194; jörð ok upphimin, Vsp. 3; jörð iðja-græna, 58; íllt er á jörð of orðit, Glúm. (in a verse), Hm. 138, and prose passim; jarðar yfirbragð er böllótt, Rb. 460, 465; jarðar bugr, böllr, hringr, hvel, mynd, endi, bygð, the earth's bight, ball, ring, wheel, shape, end, habitation, 440, 466, 472: for the mythol. genesis of the earth see Vsp. l.c., Vþm. 20, 21, Gm. 40: as a mythical goddess, the Earth was daughter of Ónar (Ónars-dóttir) and Nótt (the night), and sister of Day on the mother's side, Edda 7: Thor was the Earth's son, Jarðar-sonr, m., Haustl. II. the surface of the earth, earth; falla til jarðar, Nj. 64; koma til jarðar, to throw down, Fms. v. 348; falla frjáls á jörð, N. G. L. i. 32, Grág. ii. 192; á jörðu ok í jörðu, Finnb. 290; bíta gras af jörðunni, Fms. xi. 7; skeðja jörðu, K. Þ. K. 22; jörð eða stein, Sks. 88; erja jörð, to 'ear' the earth, plough, Rb. 100; flestir menn séru jarðir sínar, Fms. i. 92: jarðar aldin, ávöxtr, blómi, dupt, dust, dýr, kvikendi, skriðdýr, etc., the earth's fruit, produce, blossom, dust, deer, beasts, reptiles, etc., H. E. ii. 188, Grág. ii. 347, Ver. 17, Fas. iii. 669, Sks. 527, 628, Stj. 18, 77. 2. pasture; görði kulda mikla með snjóum ok íllt til jarðar, Grett. 91 A; taka til jarðar, to graze, Skm. 15: freq. in mod. usage, góð jörð, lítil jörð, jarð-leysi, jarð-laust, jarð-bann, q.v. 3. mould, Lat. humus; jörð sú er á innsigli er lögð, Lækn. 472: soil, sand-jörð, sandy soil; leir-jörð, clayey soil, etc. COMPDS: jarðar-ber, n. pl., Germ. erd-beeren, strawberries. jarðar-för, f. burial. jarðar-megin, n. 'earth-main,' power, in a mythol. sense, Hm. 138, Hdl. 37, Gkv. 2. 21. jarðar-men, n. [Dan. jordsmon], a sod, turf, Lat. caespes, Landn. 293 (in a verse), Eb. (in a verse); ganga undir jarðarmen: for the heathen rite of creeping under a sod partially detached from the earth and letting the blood mix with the mould, see Gísl. 11, Fbr. 6 new Ed.: as an ordeal, Ld. ch. 18: as a disgrace, similar to the Lat. jugum subire, Nj. 181, Vd. ch. 33.

B. Land, an estate, very freq. in Icel., answering to Norse bol, Dan.