This is page 603 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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STÖKKVA -- SUMAR. 603

Vþm. 31: in the part. stokkinn, bedabbled, sprinkled; sveita stokkinn, Fm. 32: blóði stokkinn, Hkv. 1. 15, 2. 6; Erlingr var þá á öfra aldri ok stokkit hár hans nokkut, his hair was sprinkled with grey, O.H.L. 54.

stökkva, t (ð), a causal to the preceding, to cause to spring, make start, propel, drive, with dat.; s. úaldar-flokki þessum, Fms. vii. 263; sumum stökti hann brott, i. 98; ek stökta í brott Steinari, Ísl. ii. 215; þeir hafa stökt honum norðan, Eb. 304, Dropl. 35; hann stökti honum ór landi, Fms. vi. 27; hví er þér stökt ór landi, Hkv. Hjörv. 31; vér munum ríða at sem harðast ok s. í sundr (break) fylkingu þeirra, Orkn. 12. II. to sprinkle; hón hafði stökkul í hendi ok stökkvir of hús, Bs. i. 195; með því skyldi s. hlautinu á mennina, Hkr. i. 139; stökti hann vígðu vatni um allt skipit, Fms. ii. 178; vatn stökt of hús, Pr. 474; ef þú stökkvir á með honum, Hb. 544. 39: to be sprinkled, hann stökkvir blóði himin ok lopt, Edda 8.

stökkvi-brögð, n. pl. an unforeseen accident(?); nú hafa vorðit í s., Fb. iii. 450.

stökkvi-víg, n. a single, isolated case of manslaughter, Ann. 1296, Krók. 36.

stök-land, n. [stakr], an isolated land; sitja á stöklöndum, N.G.L. i. 380, 393.

STÖNG, f., gen. stangar, dat. stöngu, Haustl., but else stöng; plur. stangir and stengr: [A.S. steng; North. E. stang; Germ. stange; Dan. stang, pl. stænger] :-- a pole; taka mikla stöng ok binda við hvíta blæju, Fms. ix. 358; berja e-n stöngum, to beat with staves, Blas. 51, MS. 655 xiii. B. 3: of a standard pole (merkis-stöng), taka merkit af stönginni, Nj. 274: the phrase, ganga undir stöng, to go under a pole, in order to be counted up (see skora), Fms. viii. 320: the phrase, bera fé til stangar, of cattle as booty, to bring to the pole, that it may be counted and valued (cp. Lat. 'sub hasta'), Barl. 188; allt þat er þeir fengi í herförum þá skyldi til stanga bera, Fms. xi. 76; var féit til stanga borit ok skipti Hákon jarl fénu með sér ok svá vápnum þeirra, 147; með svá miklu kapp, at stóð í stönginni, that the tally was full(?), 424 (probably a metaphor from scoring). COMPDS: Stangar-bolli, -foli, a, m. names of ships, Bs. stangar-fylja, u, f., -högg, n. a nickname, Þorst. St. 48, 49.

STÖPLA (better than staupla), að, (stolpa, N.G.L. iii. 27, v.l.), [Swed. stjelpa; Dutch over-stelping = overwhelming] :-- to bespatter, sprinkle; stórum stauplar nú yfir, Fs. 153; stöplaðisk út af keri, a drop was spilt out of the beaker, Vígl. 52; stöpluðusk yfir kerit (af kerinu) nokkurir dropar, Flóv. 2. ekki ætla ek at steplaz UNCERTAIN við h&aolig;ott Haralds konungs, Mork. 89.

stöppuðr, m. a nickname, Fms. vii.

stöpull, m., dat. stöpli, [A.S. stypel; Engl. steeple], a steeple, tower, Rb. 402; smíða einn stöpul, Edda (pref., of Babel); þann stöpul, 656 A. ii. 10; hann lét göra stöpul mjök vandaðan ... uppi í stöplinum, ... stöpulsins, Bs. i. 132, Fms. viii. 247, ix. 12; kirkju-s., 285; klukkur fjórar í stöpli, Pm. 99: a beacon-tower, Fms. vii. 122, viii. 97: a pillar, Eluc. 2; sá stöpull, a pillar of smoke, Ver. 21; stöpul-dyrr, Sturl. iii. 101; stöpul-görð, -smíð, Pm. 9, Bs. i. 132, Edda (pref.); stöpul-vörðr, a steeple keeper, N.G.L. ii.

STÖRR,, f., mod. stör, gen. starar, old dat. starru, bent-grass, Lat. carex; á starru eða strái, N.G.L. i. 383, 392; star-engi, star-gresi, q.v.

subb, n. sluttishness: subba, u, f. a slut.

sub-djákn, m. [for. word], a sub-deacon, H.E., K.Á., Bs. i. 418, 871.

sub-dufl, -tripl, n., of extracting the square and the cubic root, Alg.

subtili, a, m. = eccles. Lat. subtile, Stj., Vm.

suddi, a, m. = soddi, [soð], prop. steam from cooking, whence drizzling rain, wet mist; suddi og væta. COMPDS: sudda-ligr, adj. wet and dank. sudda-þoka, u, f. a drizzling fog.

SUÐR, n., gen. suðrs; older form sunnr; in poets sunnr gunnar, sunnr runna, Hkr. i. (in a verse); sunnr runnu, Vellekla: [A.S. suð; Engl. south; Germ. süd; Dan. syd] :-- the south; af suðri, Fb. ii. 481; í suðri, Rb. 92; til suðrs, Sks. 163; í suðr, passim; land-suðr, south-east; út-suðr, south-west. II. as adv.; ríða suðr, Nj. 4; suðr til Hallands, Dýflinnar, Danmerkr, Jótlands, Fms. i. 26, Eg. 157, Orkn. 256; suðr um lönd, Bs. i. 744; fara suðr, to pass southwards, Eg. 53: esp. of pilgrims to Rome or Palestine, Nj. 268, Gísl. 73. 2. with motion; hann dvaldisk suðr í landi, Fms. i. 96; suðr í Sogni, Ó.H. 26; suðr frá, southwards, Nj. 118; þeir áttu suðr (in the south) Engey, 22; suðr (in the south, i.e. in southern Iceland), Þorkell máni, Bs. i. 4, 31, l. 4. II. compar. sunnar, more to the south, Fms. vi. 379, Rb. 472; sunnar meir, Sks. 213. 2. superl. sunnarst, Rb. (1812) 18; sunnast í zodiaco, 732. 4, Rb. 478.

suðr-búr, n. a south bower, south room, Sturl. i. 63.

suðr-dyrr, n. pl. south doors, Sturl. iii. 172, 186, Fs. 72, Fms. ix. 522.

Suðr-ey, f. a local name, South Island, Fms. ii: plur. Suðr-eyjar, Sodor, the Hebrides, Landn., Orkn., Fms.: Suðr-eyingr, m., Suðr-eyskr, adj. from Sodor, Landn. 89, Fms. ix. 420, Nj. 16.

suðr-ferð, -för, f. a journey to the south, Bs. i. 867: esp. a pilgrimage, Fms. iii. 19, Fb. ii. 421.

suðr-ganga, u, f. = suðrferð, Nj. 257, Fms. vi. 35.

Suðr-haf, n. the South-sea. Stj. 88.

suðr-hallr, adj. south-slanting, of the sun, Akv.

suðr-hálfa, -álfa, u, f. the southern region, Rb. 398: of Africa, Ver. 9: of Asia, Edda (pref.)

Suðri, a, m. a dwarf, cp. Norðri, Edda, Skíða R. 203.

suðr-jöklar, m. pl. the south glaciers, Landn. 63.

suðr-land, n. a southern county, the south shore of a fjord, Fms. viii. 220: plur. suðrlönd, the south-lands, Saxony, Germany, Fb. i. 502. II. a local name = Sutherland in Scotland, Orkn., Landn.

suðr-maðr, m. a southerner, esp. of a Saxon, German, as opp. to a Northman, Magn. 528, Fms. viii. 248, xi. 303, 354, Fb. i. 540, Karl. 288, 355, passim.

Suðr-nes, n. pl. a local name, Landn.

suðr-reið, f. a journey to the south, Sturl. iii. 19.

Suðr-ríki, n. = suðrhálfa, esp. used of Central and Southern Europe, Ver. 52, Rb. 420; Austrlönd ok S., Fms. iv. 82; ýmist til Saxlands eðr S., vi. 7; víða hafði hann verit í S., viii. 148; í Vallandi eðr í S., Fagrsk.

suðr-strönd, f. the south shore, Grett. 13 new Ed.

suðr-stúka, u, f. the south wing of a building, Fms. xi. 277.

suðr-vegar, m. pl. the southern ways, opp. to norðrvegar, Gkv. 2. 8; vera á suðrvegi, on a pilgrimage, Fbr. 196: southern countries, as opp. to norðrlönd, Fms. x. 375.

suðr-veggr, m. the southern wall, Fms. viii. 264.

Suðr-virki, n. Southwark in London, Fagrsk., Ó.H.: rhymed, Súð búðir, Ó.H. (in a verse).

suðr-ænn, adj. southern; suðræn veðr, Þorf. Karl. 436; var á suðr-ænt, Fms. ix. 42.

suðr-ætt, f. the southern regions, Rb. 468, Fms. x. 350, Sks. 215.

SUFL, n. [cp. Goth. supon = GREEK; A.S. sufol; Swed. sofvel; Dan. sul] :-- whatever is eaten with bread, = Gr. GREEK; Lat. obsonium; hleif ok sufl á, N.G.L. i. 316, Fb. iii. 419 (in a verse); ok væri hverjum vár deildr hálfr hleifr, en öllum saman suflit ... hefði etið brauð-suflit allt ok hálfan sinn hleif, Þorst. Síðu H.

suga, u, f. [sjúga], a sucking; opt eru tregar kálfsugur, Hallgr.: a cake (dúsa) given to suck (barn-suga).

sukk, n. = svakk, [Engl. soak], a muddle, N.G.L. iii. 80, Fas. iii. 129, 142; kennslu-piltar görðu sukk í kirkjunni, Bs. i. 792; maki enginn sukk, 801, veraldar sukk, Mar. 2. the phrase, hafa allt í sukki, to have all in a muddle, waste, of bad husbandry, Nj. 18.

sukka, að, to make a muddle, Bs. ii. 143: to squander, with dat., i. 734, 767, 820, K.Á. 230, Grett. 197 new Ed.: augu sukkuð (soaked) í laugu, Fas. ii. (in a verse).

sull, n. = soll, q.v.; sam-sull, sullum-bull, a swill: sulla, að, to swill, (vulg.)

sullr, m., pl. sullir, [svella], a boil, Bs. i. 465; sullr á fæti, Ísl. ii. 218; s. á hendi, 176, 196; kverka-s., id.: in mod. usage esp. of an internal boil or swelling in the liver, lungs, intestines.

sultan, m. Sultan, Fms. viii: as a dog's name, hér er þér skattr, Sultan, Skálda (in a verse).

SULTR, m., gen. sultar (sults, N.G.L. i. 140), dat. sulti; [svelta; Dan. sult; A.S. swylt = death] :-- hunger, famine (the notion of death found in A.S., is lost in Icel.); deyja af sulti, Nj. 265; ór sult(i), Magn. 510; heim í sultinn, Band. 12; Þorgils tekr úr seggnum sult, Skíða R. 2. famine; þá var svá mikill s. í Noregi, Fms. i. 86; s. ok seyra, q.v.: the phrase, sitja í sults húsi, to 'sit in hunger's house,' be starved, N.G.L. i. 140; sultar-kví, a 'famine-fold,' Fms. xi. 248.

SUMAR, n., dat. sumri; pl. sumur; sumra, sumrum; in the old language this word was masculine in the form sumarr, of which gender a trace may still be seen in the contracted forms sumri, sumra, sumrum, for a genuine neuter does not admit these contractions. But there remains a single instance of the actual use of the masculine in the rhyme of a verse of the beginning of the 11th century, sumar hvern frekum erni, Skálda, -- from which one might infer that at that time the word was still masc.; if so, it is not likely that in a poem so old as the Vsp. it would be neuter, and 'sumur' in 'of sumur eptir' perhaps ought to be corrected 'sumra' or 'sumar' (acc. sing.); as also 'varmt sumar' should be 'varmr sumarr,' Vþm. 26: [A.S. sumar; a word common to all Teut. languages; in the Orm. sumerr, denoting a long u; the mod. Dan., Germ., and Engl. have sommer, summer, with a double m] :-- a summer, passim. II. mythical, Sumarr, the son of Svásað, Edda 13.

B. CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. -- The old Northmen, like the Icel. of the present time, divided the year into two halves, summer and winter; the summer began on the Thursday next before the 16th of April in the old calendar, which answers to the 26th of the Gregorian calendar (used in Icel. since A.D. 1700). The Northern and Icelandic summer is therefore a fixed term in the calendar, and consists of 184 days, viz. six months of thirty days, plus four days, called aukanætr ('eke-nights'). Summer is divided into two halves, each of three months (= ninety days), before and after midsummer (mið-sumar); and the four 'eke-nights' are every summer intercalated immediately before midsummer: thus in the Icel. Almanack of 1872 -- Sumar-dagr fyrsti, or the first