This is page 614 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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614 SYKN -- SYRPA.

mundi sykn vera á öðru sumri, Grett. 174 new Ed.; ok verði Grettir sykn ... at Grettir yrði sykn, 116, 117 new Ed.; taldi hann vera syknan, Rb. 292.

sykn, f. = sykna; ok varð ekki af sykninni, it was dropped, Grett. 117 new Ed.; af þessu eyddist sykn (syknan Ub.) at sinni, 173 new Ed.

sykna, u, f. [Ulf. swikniþa, swiknei = GREEK; swikneins = GREEK] :-- blamelessness, the state of being sykn; ef skógar-maðr hefir vegit annan skógar-mann til syknu sér, Grág. ii. 160; víg Þorvalds skyldi vera til syknu Helga, Rd. 265; lýsa syknu e-s, ... ok fékksk þar hvártveggja syknan, ... mæla móti syknu e-s, 292; færa fram syknu e-s (to bring it out in parliament), Fms. vi. 119, Fbr. 53; meðan þeir hafa eigi farit syknu sinni, Grág. i. 97. COMPDS: syknu-leyfi, n. a licence of the alþing to grant sykna; lögsögu-maðr á upp at segja s. öll, Grág. i. 2; ok talði hann vera frjálsan ef þar fengisk syknu-leyfit, Rd. 292. syknu-lof, n. = syknuleyfi; ef mönnum er syknulofs beðit at lögréttu skógar-mönnum eða fjörbaugs-mönnum, Grág. i. 99.

sykr, n. [Dan. sukker], sugar, (mod.)

sylgja, u, f. a brooch or buckle, chiefly of silver or gold, worn by women; þrjár sylgjur sex aura, Dipl. iii. 4; s. ok fingrgull, Fms. ix. 263; gull-sylgja týndisk ... ok fannsk ekki sylgjan ... hét hón at gefa hálf-virði sylgjunnar, ... sylgjöna þá ena sömu, Bs. i. 348; fimm sylgjur ok þrjú nisti, 874.

sylgr, m., gen. sylgjar and sylgs; [svelgr, svelgja; Engl. swill]:-- a drink, beverage; allt er senn ef hann sylg um getr, Hm.; ylgr fær af hræm sylg, Edda (in a verse); the word is not used in prose, see Lex. Poët.

SYLL, f., qs. svill, gen. syllar, pl. syllr; mod. sylla, u, f.; [A.S. syll; Engl. sill; O.H.G. and Germ. schwelle] :-- a sill, door-sill; reisa upp góða stólpa ok þar yfir leggja stórar syllr, Sks. 91 new Ed.; stafir fjórir stóðu upp ok syllr upp í milli, Fms. viii. 429 (so also Cod. Eirsp. 192, Ed. 1871); fjóra ása, átta stafi, tvau þvertré, ok tvær syllr, Dipl. iii. 8; hann fékk komizt út undir syll kirkjunnar, Slurl. iii. 102 C (kyrkju-sylluna Ed.); syllr ok stöðr, Ld. 316, cp. v.l.; sönghús-syllur, Fms. ix. 26: syllar-efni, Pm. 11. syllu-stokkr, m. a sill-post, Hom. 94, 96.

sylla, d, to furnish will a sill; ok syllt upp í milli, Fms. viii. 429, v.l.

Syllingar, f. pl. the Scilly Islands, Fms, passim.

syn, f., gen. synjar, [synja; syn is the root from which syn-ð is a derivative] :-- a denial, protest; used in law phrases, koma, setja, hafa syn fyrir, to protest or repel a charge on oath, by ordeal, or the like; ef þeir hafa syn fyrir, þá skulu þeir synja með einseiði, K.Á. 150; hann setti þar syn fyrir, ok bauð skírslur, Fms. ix. 5; bændr kómu þar sumir syn fyrir sik, Hkr. i. 89; hón er sett til varnar á þingum ... því er þat orðtak, at 'syn sé fyrir sett' þá er hann neitar, Edda 21; the word is freq. in the compd nauð-syn (q.v.), necessity, otherwise obsolete. II. the name of a goddess, Edda 21; arin-syn, the goddess of the hearth, Þd.; mens Synjar (gen.), the goddess of the necklace, i. e. a woman, Lex. Poët.; according to Edda 21, Syn was the goddess of lawsuits: synjar-spann, N.G.L. i. 258, is prob. an error = smjör-spann.

SYND, f., older form syn-ð, syn-þ, shewing that the d is inflexive, svnþ, svnþir (sins), Mar. pref. xxxii, xxxiii, Eluc., Greg., passim; [A.S. syn and synn, whence the Norse word may have been borrowed when Christianity came in, for it does not occur in poets of the heathen age; Engl. sin; Germ. sünde; Dan. synd] :-- a sin (it prop. means 'negation, denial,' no doubt referring to denial by oath of compurgators, ordeal, or the like). Mar., Stj., Bs., H.E., passim in old and mod. writers in an eccl. sense only, for the very word implies a Christian, not a heathen, notion (the heathens said glæpr or the like); synda-freistni, bót, auki, band, bruni, byrðr, dauði, daunn, díki, flekkr, fýsi, gjald, görð, iðran, játning, kyn, lausn, lifnaðr (líf), líkn, saurgan, saurr, sár, sótt, verk, = the temptation, atonement ..., sickness, work of sin, H.E. i. 462, 522, Greg. 9, 18, 19, 22, 45, 46, 73, K.Á. 76, Stj. 51, 119, 123, 142, 145, 162, 220, Rb. 82, 400, Hom. 5, 11, 41, 48, 59, 73, Vm. 84, Magn. 542, and passim; synda far, Stj. 123; synda þræll, Hom. 94. COMPDS: synda-fullr, adj. sinful, Stj. 404, Barl. 99. synda-lauss, adj. sinless, Stj. 567, Sks. 486, Gþl. 169. synda-liga, adv. sinfully, Stj. 18. synda-ligr, adj. sinful, Stj. 26, 119. synda-maðr, m. a sinner, 677. 8. synda-þræll, m. a thrall of sin, Hom. 51.

synda, d, mod. t, [sund], to swim; synti allt út í haf, Brandkr. 60 (paper MS.); ok syndu vestr yfir Jökuls-á, Sturl. ii. 157; the word has prevailed in mod. usage, but is very rare in old writers, who either use the tenses of svimma (q.v.) or more freq. leggjask, see leggja.

syndari, a, m. a sinner, freq. in mod. usage.

synd-auðigr, adj. sinful, Greg. 76.

synd-fullr, adj. sinful, Hom. 63.

syndga, að, [syndigr, from A.S. syngjan], to sin, N.T., Pass., Vídal. passim; in old writers only used in the 2. reflex. syndgask, id., Hom. 154, Sks. 573 B, Fms. iii. 167, Barl. 46.

synd-getinn, part. sin-begotten, Eluc.

syndigr, adj., contr. syngan (qs. syndgan), Hom. 40; syndgir, 130; synþgom, Mar. pref. xxxii, l. 23; but else uncontr. syndigir, Niðrst. 7; synduga, Stj. 173, 316, and so in mod. usage: [A.S. synig; Dan. syndig] :-- sinful; einn syndugr maðr, Barl. 173, passim; see the references above.

synd-ligr, adj. sinful, Sks. 449 B.

syndr, adj., qs. symdr, svimdr, [from sund; symd, Ivar Aasen], able to swim, swimming; vera syndr, Fms. x. 66; s. vel, Fb. i. 368; s. sem selr, Nj. 29, passim.

synd-samligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), sinful, of a deed, Sks. 674.

syndvar-liga, adv. warily against sin; lifa betr ok syndvarligar, Bs. i. 23.

synd-varr, adj. wary against sin, Hom. (St.)

SYNGJA, pres. syng; pret. saung or söng, pl. sungu; subj. syngi; imperat. syng, syngdu; part. sunginn; older syngva, and then even sounded singva, as seen from rhymes, þings, singva., Eb. 27 new Ed. l. 24, in a verse of the 10th century: [Ulf. siggwan = GREEK; A. S. and O.H.G. singan; Engl. sing; Dan. synge; Swed. and early Dan. sjunga]:-- to sing, prop. to ring, clash, of metals, weapons; to whistle, of wind, or the like; hurð syngr í lási, Fms. iii. 67; syngr í atgeirinum, Nj. 44, 119; bítia þat sverð, nema sjálfum þér syngvi um höfði, Hkv. 2; (örvar) sungu á mínum skjaldi, Eb. (in a verse); sverð saung of vanga mér, Kormak; það syngr í reiðanum, syngr í böndum, of the rigging of a ship in a storm, see Lex. Poët.: of the swan's single sad note, syngi, syngi svanir mínir. II. to sing, in tunes; sungu ok slungu snúðga steini, Gs. (of the maids at a hand-mill); s. sálm, to sing a hymn. 2. in an eccl. sense; s. messu, to sing the mass, Nj. 157; prestr á eigi at syngva fleiri messur enn tvær, K.Þ.K. 21 new Ed.; s. messu heiman, Bs. i. 440; um morguninn er sungnar vóru tíðir, Fms. x. 10; ok sungu upp responsorium, 15; s. psaltara, Bs. i. 74, Fms. xi. 274; syngja tíðir, to chant the 'hours,' passim: absol. to officiate in a mass, þar söng prestr sá er Þrándr hét, Fms. ix. 232; þangat söng haun einn hátíðar-dag, Bs. i. 435: spec. phrases, s. e-n til moldar, 'to sing a person into the earth,' to perform the funeral rites; þeim lærðum manni er mik syngr til moldar gef ek þrjú kúgildi, Dipl. iv. 8; syngja yfir e-m, to sing over one, i.e. to sing the burial service; syngja yfir líki, þær tiðir er til byrjar, N.G.L. i. 16, and so in mod. usage (yfir-söngr); also of the sick, Fms. vii. 39; s. e-n í bann (bannsyngja), to chant an excommunication, Bs. i. 768. III. pass., þann tíma er söngst óttu-söngr, Fms. vii. 310; þá er messa syngst, Am. 101; skal syngjast messa, Dipl. i. 10; syngjandi sálu-messa, iv. 8.

syngn, see sýkn.

SYNJA, að, [this is the root verb for syn and synð], to deny; sannaði þat annarr en annarr synjaði, Fms. iv. 294; þá muntú s. þess með skynsemd, Nj. 80, passim. 2. esp. as a law phrase, see syn, the charge to be repelled in gen., s. e-s; syni hann vilja síns með séttar-eiði, at hann vildi þat verk eigi gört hafa, Gþl. 162; nú verð ek sjálf fyrir mik synja lýta, to prove my innocence by ordeal, Gkv. 3. 8; vil ek þessa máls s. fyrir mik ok fyrir oss alla skipvera, vil ek þar bjóða fyrir eiða svá sem lög yður standa til, Ó.H. 140. 3. to deny, refuse; ef hann vill synja mér ríkis, Fms. i. 83; s. mér mægðar, Ísl. ii. 215, s. kaups, Vápn. 7; honum skal beiða fars at skipi ... ef honum er synjað þar, Grág. i. 90; þriggja marka útlegð varðar þeim er synjar, 80; þótt þeir syni, 90. II. reflex. to refuse an offer, of a lady; er þú synjask hverjum konungi, Fas. i. 365; þeirrar konu bað Catilina, en hón synjaðisk, Róm. 332.

synjan or synjun, f. a denial, refusal, Grág. i. 91; far-s., Hbl.

synnstr, superl. southernmost; see syðri.

syn-samr, adj. unobliging, 655 iii. i.

syn-semi, f. an unobliging mood, petty denial of a favour; en synsemi mun þér í þykkja ok eigi stórmannlegt ef ek synja, Fs. 34.

syptir, m. [Germ. seufzen; Engl. sob and sigh], a sobbing; in and-syptir or and-syftir.

syrgi-ligr, adj. sad, Stj. 52, Bs. i. 819.

SYRGJA, ð, [sorg; Ulf. saurgan = GREEK; A.S. sorgjan; Engl. sorrow; Germ. sorge; Dan. sörge] :-- to sorrow, mourn; hann bað menn eigi syrgja né láta öðrum herfiligum látum, Nj. 197; snökta eðr s., Fms. viii. 234; þeir syrgðu ok hrygðusk, Barl. 191. 2. to bewail, with acc.; syrgði hann hana dauða, Fms. x. 379; þessa hluti syrgðu þeir, Barl. 189; ek syrgi eina jungfrú ok fæ hana eigi, Fas. iii. 643; s. af e-u, to mourn over, Barl. 91: s. sik, to bewail oneself, wail, Róm. 233, passim in old and mod. usage.

syrja, u, f. [sori], dress; as a nickname, Sturl. iii. 74.

syrpa, u, f. [sorp; prop. = a swill for beasts; Norse sörpe] :-- a dirty woman, Edda ii. 629: the name of an ogress, Edda (Gl.) 2. a volume of miscellaneous things; kvæða syrpa, syrpa mín ('my syrpa,' i.e. the book into which the poet entered his occasional songs), pref. to the Poems of Bjarni Thorarinson, p. 1. syrpu-þing, n., in syrpuþings-lög, n. pl. a kind of mock pleading, mock lawsuit, composed as an entertainment; var hann eptir í stofu á kveldin er Þorkell gékk at sofa, ok hefir frammi margs-konar ertingar, ok þat hafa menn sagt at hann hafi fyrstr fundit upp á Syrpuþings-lög; menn kómu víða af bæjum, ok görðisk þar af þyss mikill, Lv. 26; the exact thing is now lost, perh. it was something similar to the mod. Skraparots-prédikan.